Effect of Target properties on the Plasma Characteristics that produced by Laser at Atmospheric Pressure

Abstract

In this paper, Al and Cu Plasmas that produced by pulsed Nd:YAG laser with fundamental wave length with a pulse duration of 6 nS focused onto Al and Cu targets in atmospheric air are investigated spectroscopically. The influence of pulse laser energy on the some Al and Cu plasmas characteristics was diagnosed by using optical emission spectroscopy for the wavelength range 320-740 nm. The results observed that the increase of pulse laser energy causes to increase all plasma characteristics of both plasmas under study and shown increasing of the emission line intensity. The appearance of the atomic and ionic emission lines of an element in the emission spectrum depends on the ionization energy of target atoms. The plasma characteristics are subjected to the ionization energy of the target element and laser energy.

Calculating Parameters for Se and Tin Plasmas Produced by Pulsed Nd: YAG Laser

“…This result agrees with Mohammed et al [13]and Qindeel et al [14]. But in (550 nm) to (600 nm), the decreasing in temperature is due to the rapid transformation of thermal energy into kinetic energy when the plasma expands [15] [16]. While Figure 5 swehs the temperature of tin (Sn) is seen to increase in the spectral range of (350 nm-550nm) while a slow variation of electron temperature was seen for the spectral range(600 nm-750 nm) [14].…”

Influence of a Magnetic Field on the Structure, Morphology and Gas Sensing Characteristics of ZnO: Al Thin Films Prepared by Pulsed Laser Ablation

“…The higher sensitivity corresponding to their optimal operating temperature of 250 °C increased with the presence of a magnetic field from 11.8% to 16.6% for the 0.3 wt% Al sample and from 16.7% to 26.7% for the 0.5 wt% Al sample, due to the different nanostructure construction with high surface area for the samples prepared with the presence of magnetic field [23]. The sensitivity of the gas sensor decreased at high operating temperatures due to the diffusion process of adsorbed gasses at high temperatures, as shown in Figure (11). The AZO samples had a higher response to the NO2 gas than the H2S gas due to the variation in the selectivity of the AZO sample of the two gasses.…”

“…The target properties highly affect the laser-induced nanostructures prepared by the PLD technique [11]. It was found experimentally that using an external magnetic field with the (PLD) technique improves the target ablation process and highly affects the formation of laserinduced nanostructures [10,12,13].…”

Characteristics of Lead and Sulfur Plasma Parameters by Optical Emission Spectroscopy

“…Many spectral emissions can be noted, including the ionizing Pb (II), which has four spectral lines at 220.3, 424.4, 438.6, and 560.8 nm and the neutral emissions Pb(I), which have eight spectral lines at 223.9, 261.4, 280.1, 357.2, 368.3, 373.9, 405.7 and 500.6 nm, which are more than the ionized spectral lines. Through the recombination process, the electrons emitted during the ionization process are recombine [9].…”