Effect of systematic tuberculosis detection on mortality in young children with severe pneumonia in countries with high incidence of tuberculosis: a stepped-wedge cluster-randomised trial

The diagnostic yield of nasopharyngeal aspirate for pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…The high proportion of children with successful NPA collection (> 95%) across different levels of healthcare and the low rate of indeterminate results with NAAT (< 5%) in our review support the feasibility of NPA. This is consistent with the recent TB-speed pneumonia study where 97% (1140/1169) of children with symptoms of pneumonia across six high TB incidence countries had NPA collected, and only 1.3% (15/1132) of Ultra results on NPA were invalid or had errors, although this study only recruited from hospitals [ 12 ]. No study in our review provided data on the acceptability of NPA.…”

“…Although trained personnel and equipment are still needed, results from a large randomized trial found that 97% of children with symptoms of pneumonia had an NPA successfully obtained. In comparison, only 81% of children had stool collected [ 12 ]. NPA collection has the potential to be implemented across varying levels of the healthcare system, thereby increasing access to TB diagnosis.…”

Pediatric Tuberculosis: A Review of Evidence-Based Best Practices for Clinicians and Health Care Providers

“…A recent monograph focuses on some of the key gaps and implementation challenges in TB care for children and adolescents, outlines the critical role of multisectoral partnerships, and discusses and provides examples of facilitating integration of innovations into routine programs [148]. Research and development specifically for children has led to an increasingly rich pipeline of new tools and methods to address gaps in TB prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, as well as rich data from recently developed collaborative research platforms and multinational trials that evaluate impact in a range of diverse settings (e.g., SHINE [32], TB-Speed [149], RaPaed-TB [150], and TB CONTACT [151]). Also of particular note are research efforts related to TB vaccine candidates and novel specimen types to aid in TB diagnosis.…”

“…Research and development specifically for children has led to an increasingly rich pipeline of new tools and methods to address gaps in TB prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, as well as rich data from recently developed collaborative research platforms and multinational trials that evaluate impact in a range of diverse settings (e.g., SHINE [ 32 ], TB-Speed [ 149 ], RaPaed-TB [ 150 ], and TB CONTACT [ 151 ]). Also of particular note are research efforts related to TB vaccine candidates and novel specimen types to aid in TB diagnosis.…”