Effect of Synthetic Cytokinin Application on Pod Setting of Individual Florets within Raceme in Soybean

Nonokawa, Kaori; Nakajima, Takayuki; Nakamura, Teiji; Kokubun, Makie

doi:10.1626/pps.15.79

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In both lupin and soybean, application of cytokinin prevented flower abortion/pod set and increased yield (e.g. Carlson et al, 1987;Atkins and Pigeaire, 1993;Nagel et al, 2001;Nonokawa et al, 2012, and references therein). However, cytokinin application to legumes was less successful in the field (Dyer et al, 1987;Nagel et al, 2001).…”

Section: Cytokinin Is Limiting To Flower/pod Set/seed Setmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, cytokinin application to legumes was less successful in the field (Dyer et al, 1987;Nagel et al, 2001). To be successful, repeated applications to flower traces as they develop successively in the field may be necessary (Atkins et al, 2011;Nonokawa et al, 2012), but are precluded presumably based on cost and impracticality. To overcome this problem, Atkins et al (2011) coupled an IPT gene to a flower-specific promoter.…”

Section: Cytokinin Is Limiting To Flower/pod Set/seed Setmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytokinin: a key driver of seed yield

Jameson

Song

2015

EXBOTJ

217

207

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The cytokinins have been implicated in many facets of plant growth and development including cell division and differentiation, shoot and root growth, apical dominance, senescence, fruit and seed development, and the response to biotic and abiotic stressors. Cytokinin levels are regulated by a balance between biosynthesis [isopentenyl transferase (IPT)], activation [Lonely Guy (LOG)], inactivation (O-glucosyl transferase), re-activation (β-glucosidase), and degradation [cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX)]. During senescence, the levels of active cytokinins decrease, with premature senescence leading to a decrease in yield. During the early stages of fruit and seed development, cytokinin levels are transiently elevated, and coincide with nuclear and cell divisions which are a determinant of final seed size. Exogenous application of cytokinin, ectopic expression of IPT, or down-regulation of CKX have, on occasions, led to increased seed yield, leading to the suggestion that cytokinin may be limiting yield. However, manipulation of cytokinins is complex, not only because of their pleiotropic nature but also because the genes coding for biosynthesis and metabolism belong to multigene families, the members of which are themselves spatially and temporally differentiated. Previous research on yield of rice showed that plant breeders could directly target the cytokinins. Modern genome editing tools could be employed to target and manipulate cytokinin levels to increase seed yield with the concurrent aim of maintaining quality. However, how the cytokinin level is modified and whether IPT or CKX is targeted may depend on whether the plant is considered to be in a source-limiting environment or to be sink limited.

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Section: Cytokinin Is Limiting To Flower/pod Set/seed Setmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cytokinin Is Limiting To Flower/pod Set/seed Setmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokinin: a key driver of seed yield

Jameson

Song

2015

EXBOTJ

217

207

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Although soybean flowers are produced abundantly, a large number of flowers and young pods abort naturally (Nonokawa et al, 2012). Some researches show that, in normal conditions, the abscission of the reproductive structures of soybean can vary between 20 and 82% of the total number of flowers produced (Crosby et al, 1981;Carlson et al, 1987;Yashima et al, 2005;Peterson et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Dario et al (2005), the application of growth regulators could raise productivity above levels established until now. Researches point out the use of plant growth regulators to reduce pod abortion (Crosby et al, 1981;Nonokawa et al, 2012;Passos et al, 2011). In soybean cultivation, there seems to be a link between exogenous benzyladenine and reduction of flower and pod abortion (Crosby et al, 1981;Carlson et al, 1987;Nagel et al, 2001;Yashima et al, 2005;Nonokawa et al, 2012;Passos et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does benzyladenine application increase soybean productivity?

Borges¹,

Torres²,

Santos³

2014

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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Although soybean flowers are produced abundantly, a large number of flowers and young pods abort naturally. Abortion reduction may result in an increased number of pods, thus leading to a growth in grain yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of benzyladenine application on soybean pod abortion and, consequently, to increase the productivity of soybean cultivation. The soil of the experimental area is classified as oxisol. After soil analysis, fertilization and pH correction were performed according to technical recommendations for cultivation. Pioneer 98Y12 RR soybean was sown by mid-November, during the rainy season. Benzyladenine application at the end of flowering, with pods of about 1.5 cm length, provided a significant increase in productivity of the species for all used concentrations, with the treatment of 300 mg L-1 corresponding to the highest increase, around 11%. The increase in productivity was determined by the higher number of total pods fixed to the plants by reason of abortion reduction in the three canopy positions. Other factors that contributed to the increased productivity were the higher number of seeds per plant, higher weight and seed diameter. Benzyladenine application is a promising practice for getting high productivity in the cultivation of soybean.

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The soybean (Glycine max L.) cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase multigene family; Identification of natural variations for altered cytokinin content and seed yield

et al. 2021

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Cytokinins (CKs) play a fundamental role in regulating dynamics of organ source/sink relationships during plant development, including flowering and seed formation stages. As a result, CKs are key drivers of seed yield. The cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX) is one of the critical enzymes responsible for regulating plant CK levels by causing their irreversible degradation. Variation of CKX activity is significantly correlated with seed yield in many crop species while in soybean (Glycine max L.), the possible associations between CKX gene family members (GFMs) and yield parameters have not yet been assessed. In this study, 17 GmCKX GFMs were identified, and natural variations among GmCKX genes were probed among soybean cultivars with varying yield characteristics. The key CKX genes responsible for regulating CK content during seed filling stages of reproductive development were highlighted using comparative phylogenetics, gene expression analysis and CK metabolite profiling. Five of the seventeen identified GmCKX GFMs, showed natural variations in the form of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The gene GmCKX7‐1, with high expression during critical seed filling stages, was found to have a non‐synonymous mutation (H105Q), on one of the active site residues, Histidine 105, previously reported to be essential for co‐factor binding to maintain structural integrity of the enzyme. Soybean lines with this mutation had higher CK content and desired yield characteristics. The potential for marker‐assisted selection based on the identified natural variation within GmCKX7‐1, is discussed in the context of hormonal control that can result in higher soybean yield.

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Effect of Synthetic Cytokinin Application on Pod Setting of Individual Florets within Raceme in Soybean

Cited by 16 publications

References 25 publications

Cytokinin: a key driver of seed yield

Cytokinin: a key driver of seed yield

Does benzyladenine application increase soybean productivity?

The soybean (Glycine max L.) cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase multigene family; Identification of natural variations for altered cytokinin content and seed yield

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