Effect of surgical reduction of the tongue on oral stereognosis, oral motor ability, and the rest position of the tongue and mandible

Ingervall, Bengt; Schmoker, R

doi:10.1016/s0889-5406(05)81710-x

Cited by 35 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Even though the controversy of whether the tongue adapts to existing oral morphology, or actively molds its surrounding tissues, is long-standing (Ingervall and Schmoker 1990 ;Frohlich et al . 1991Frohlich et al .…”

Section: In Fl Uences On Craniofacial Growth and Dentition Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tongue Muscle Response to Neuromuscular Diseases and Specific Pathologies

Liu

2012

Craniofacial Muscles

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The tongue is the only muscular organ in the craniofacial region and plays fundamental roles in almost all oral motor functions, including drinking, ingestion, chewing, swallowing, respiration, and speech. A number of neuromuscular diseases, such as epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, and myasthenia gravis, signi fi cantly affect tongue motor functions. These negative impacts include reduced or complete loss of control in moving the tongue (tongue displacement) and/or changing the shape of the tongue (tongue deformation), tongue spasm or convulsion, muscle dystonia, and ankyloglossia. Several sensational disorders may also occur due to these neuromuscular diseases, including burning tongue, loss of taste function (ageusia), decreased ability to taste (hypogeusia), and changes in taste (dysgeusia). In recent decades, extensive studies have demonstrated that tongue size, volume, position, and neuromuscular activity, especially in the tongue base, are signi fi cantly implicated in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a potential life-threatening disorder of breathing, which affects 2-4% of the adult population (Schwab 2003 ;Schwab et al . 2003 ) .In addition to the complex network of interwoven fi bers and fi ber bundles from four intrinsic and four extrinsic tongue muscles which facilitate complicated and delicate tongue kinematics, the tongue also has a large network of subdividing nerve branches and blood supply. Studies have shown that the hypoglossal nerve alone has more than 50 primary branches innervating tongue musculature (Mu and Sanders 1999 ) . Unlike other body motor organs, the tongue is composed almost entirely of

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Section: In Fl Uences On Craniofacial Growth and Dentition Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tongue Muscle Response to Neuromuscular Diseases and Specific Pathologies

Liu

2012

Craniofacial Muscles

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“…In humans the tongue reaches its approximate adult size by 8 years of age 9. There is a long-standing controversy whether the tongue adapts to fill an existing space or actively molds surrounding tissues 10–12. Numerous clinical studies have claimed that the tongue volume influences not only the position of the dentition,1,13–15 but also mandibular arch size and posture16,17 maxillary expansion, 18 vertical height of face19 and combined horizontal and vertical location of chin and symphysis 20.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Loads of the Tongue and Consequences of Volume Reduction

Liu

Shcherbatyy

Perkins

2008

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

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Purpose-This study was to examine functional loads of the tongue on its surrunding bones and how tongue volume reduction affects these loads.Materials and Methods-Masticatory bone strains and pressures on facial bones directly contacted by the tongue were measured in twelve 12-week-old Yucantan minipigs (6 slibing pairs). One of a sibling pair received surgery to reduce the tongue volume by 23-25% (reduction group), the other had identical tongue incisions without tissue removal (sham group). Rosette strain gauges were bonded to the palatal surface of premaxilla (PM), the lingual surface of mandibular alveolar bones between the 2nd and 3rd decidious incisors (MI) and below the 3rd decidious molar (MM). Single-element stain gauges were placed across the palatal surface of premaxillary stuture (PMS) and the lingual surface of mandibular symphysis (MSP). Pressure tranducers were placed on the hard palatal surface of maxillary (PAL) and the lingual surface of mandible (MAN) posterior to the deciduous canine. Animals were allowed to feed unrestrainedly after surgery and device placement. Data from bone strain, pressure and electromyographic activity (EMG) of bilateral masseter muscles were recorded during natural mastication (pig chow).Results-In sham animals, principal bone surface strains were less than 100με in all measures. Principal strains showed larger compressive than tensile strains at the PM, and larger tensile than compressive strains at the MI and MM. Tensile strains at the MM were significantly larger than that at the PM (p < 0.01). Strains were tensile and compresive at the PMS and MPS, respectively, with sigificantly higher magnitude (> 100με) at the PMS (p < 0.05). Pressures ranged 2.12-8.04 kPa with the larger readings at the MSP than the PAL (p < 0.05). Tongue volume reduction did not affect strain polarity at any site, but did diminish principal strain magnitudes, significnatly at the MI (p < 0.05). At the PM and MI, the principal tensile orientation was significantly altered from the latero-anterior to latero-posterior direction (p < 0.05-0.001). Strains at the MM and MSP showed little change. Compared to sham animals, tensile strain at the PMS and pressures at the PAL and MAN were decreased 50% or more(p < 0.01).Conclusions-These results suggest that 1) the tongue produces larger functional loads (strains and pressures) on mandibular lingual surfaces than maxillary/premaxillary palatal surfaces; 2) tongue volume reduction decreases these loads, specifically those in the anterior mouth; 3) masticatory loads produced by the tongue on the lingual mandibular and palatal maxillary/premaxillary surfaces are much smaller than those produced by masticatory muscles on the dorsal surfaces of these bones and TMJ structures.

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“…The studies reported the existence of the strong association between chronic mouth breathing, dental anterior open bite, and tongue thrusting [10, 11]. Though some researchers believe the tongue merely occupies the space created by the malocclusion [12]. The studies have also reported that the tongue thrust leads to significant increase in maxillary anterior teeth proclination [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replacement of Missing Anterior Teeth in a Patient with Chronic Mouth Breathing and Tongue Thrusting

Haralur

Alqahtani

2013

Case Reports in Dentistry

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The loss of anterior teeth has serious functional, esthetic disabilities, in addition to compromising the patients' quality of life. Various etiologies can be attributed to the anterior tooth loss, including trauma, caries, and periodontal diseases. The chronic mouth breathing due to nasal adenoids is known to enhance the gingival and periodontal diseases. The dental literature proves the association of nasal breathing, tongue thrusting, and anterior open bite. Arch shape and tooth position are primarily determined by the equilibrium of the forces from tongue and perioral musculature. Increased force from tongue musculature in the tongue thrusting patient leads to flaring of anterior teeth, making them susceptible for periodontal and traumatic tooth loss. Replacement of the anterior teeth in this patient will also help in restoration of anterior guidance, which is critical for the health of temporomandibular joint, posterior teeth, and musculature.

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Effect of surgical reduction of the tongue on oral stereognosis, oral motor ability, and the rest position of the tongue and mandible

Cited by 35 publications

References 10 publications

Tongue Muscle Response to Neuromuscular Diseases and Specific Pathologies

Tongue Muscle Response to Neuromuscular Diseases and Specific Pathologies

Functional Loads of the Tongue and Consequences of Volume Reduction

Replacement of Missing Anterior Teeth in a Patient with Chronic Mouth Breathing and Tongue Thrusting

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