Effect of surfactant species and electrophoretic medium composition on the electrophoretic behavior of neutral and water‐insoluble linear synthetic polymers in nonaqueous capillary zone electrophoresis

Fukai, Nao; Kitagawa, Shinya; Ohtani, Hajime

doi:10.1002/elps.201700013

Cited by 6 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The apparatus and procedure are similar to those described in our previous study [18]. A commercial CAPI-3100 instrument (Otsuka electronics, Osaka, Japan) with a fused-silica capillary of i.d.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our previous research, we demonstrated the separation of neutral linear synthetic polymers by NACZE using three-solvent mixtures containing an ionic surfactant (CTAC, dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DMDOAB), or sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS)) [17,18]. As reported in our previous paper, the solubility of CTAC, DMDOAB, and SDS in THF is lower than 1 mM [18]. In this study, the solubility of P 66614 Cl was measured to be over 500 mM in THF as well as MeOH and ACN at room temperature.…”

Section: Effect Of Ionic Liquid Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, many synthetic polymers, such as polystyrenes (PSs) and polymethylmethacrylates (PMMAs), are water-insoluble and neutral in solution. Therefore, only a few studies have focused on their CE separation, and the study of their electrophoretic behavior is insufficient [16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further study revealed that the separation of neutral polymers in NACZE using ionic surfactants is affected by the hydrophobic interactions between the polymers and the ionic surfactants [18]. The addition of a relatively polar solvent, such as acetonitrile (ACN) or water, to the electrophoretic medium enhances the hydrophobic interactions between polymers and surfactants, but often results in decrease in polymer solubility to the medium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Highly hydrophobic phosphonium-based ILs have high solubility in THF, and can therefore be used as the additive to THF-based NA solvent for providing a driving force for electrophoretic migration of the neutral polymers because, as described above, ionic surfactants interact hydrophobically with polymers. Moreover, in our previous paper, we predicted that the use of highly hydrophobic cation would be suitable for the polymer separation [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Separation of Water-Insoluble and Neutral Linear Synthetic Polymers in Nonaqueous Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Using Phosphonium-Based Ionic Liquid

2017

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The separation of neutral and water-insoluble linear synthetic polymers in non-aqueous capillary zone electrophoresis using the hydrophobic phosphonium-based ionic liquid trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium chloride (P 66614 Cl) were investigated using polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylates, polybutadiene, and polycarbonate as test analytes. The solubility of P 66614 Cl in tetrahydrofuran was above 500 mM, which was significantly higher than that of the general ionic surfactants used in our previous studies. The separation of the four polymers was achieved using a binary mixture of tetrahydrofuran/methanol or tetrahydrofuran/acetonitrile containing P 66614 Cl as the electrophoretic medium. It was confirmed that an increase in hydrophobicity or bulkiness of the cationic reagent improved the polymer separation. The interaction between polycarbonate with P 66614 Cl was reduced by the addition of acetonitrile, and enhanced by the methanol addition.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Ionic Liquid Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Separation of Water-Insoluble and Neutral Linear Synthetic Polymers in Nonaqueous Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Using Phosphonium-Based Ionic Liquid

2017

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Charge-Based Separation of Acid-Functional Polymers by Non-aqueous Capillary Electrophoresis Employing Deprotonation and Heteroconjugation Approaches

et al. 2021

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Water-borne polymers are in ever-increasing demand due to their favorable ecological profile compared to traditional solvent-borne polymer systems. Many water-borne polymer particles are stabilized in aqueous media by the incorporation of acid-functional monomers. Due to the large variety of comonomers applied, these water-borne polymers have various superimposed statistical distributions, which make it challenging to obtain in-depth information regarding incorporation of the acidic monomers. For selective analysis of the incorporated acidic monomers, a charge-based non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) separation was developed. Two approaches were developed: (i) deprotonation of the acid functionality with an organically soluble strong base and (ii) heteroconjugation of anions of carboxylic acids with incorporated acid functionality. In both approaches, N-methylpyrrolidone, as a strong solvent for polymers with a favorable relative permittivity for the presence of dissociated ionic species, was used for the separation. It was shown that anions of carboxylic acids specifically associate with the incorporated acid groups in the polymers, resulting in negatively charged complexes that could be separated based on charge-to-size ratio by NACE. Although both approaches give comparable results with respect to acid distribution for acid-functional polymers, the effective mobility of the deprotonated polymers is roughly double that obtained from the heteroconjugation approach. Unlike the heteroconjugation approach, deprotonation conditions were detrimental to the fused-silica capillary, limiting practical use. Polymers with different chemical compositions, molecular weights, and acid contents were subjected to the CE approaches developed. Polymers with varying molecular weight but similar relative acid monomer content were shown to have similar migration times, which confirms that this approach separates polymers based on charge-to-size ratio.

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Electrophoretic Behavior in Nonaqueous Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Using Tetrahydrofuran-Based Ternary Nonaqueous Solutions

et al. 2018

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Nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis has the potential to separate water-insoluble analytes. Previously, we reported the separation of water-insoluble and neutral synthetic polymers in nonaqueous capillary zone electrophoresis using tetrahydrofuran (THF)-based ternary nonaqueous solutions. In this paper, the effect of the composition of a THF-based ternary solution (THF, acetonitrile, and methanol) containing cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) on electrophoretic behavior is investigated using small organic compounds as prove analytes. In addition to general electrophoretic parameters such as electrophoretic mobility, analytical stability was also evaluated. The electric current, electrophoretic mobility of the benzyltriethylammonium cation (ion pair formation with chloride anion), and electrophoretic mobility of coronene (solvophobic interaction with the CTA cation) were dominated mainly by the THF content, and lower THF content resulted in higher values. In contrast, electroosmotic mobility was enhanced by an increase in THF content and was affected mainly by methanol content. Interestingly, in addition to stable electropherograms, we observed instable (fluctuation of baseline or zero current) electropherograms, which were obtained irregularly. Although a notable relation between the composition and the instable behavior was not observed, it is suggested that this "discontinuous instability" is related with the composition distribution (heterogeneous composition) of the ternary solvents in a capillary. Increasing the temperature effectively suppressed the composition distribution and has the potential to decrease the risk of instable behavior.

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Effect of surfactant species and electrophoretic medium composition on the electrophoretic behavior of neutral and water‐insoluble linear synthetic polymers in nonaqueous capillary zone electrophoresis

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

Separation of Water-Insoluble and Neutral Linear Synthetic Polymers in Nonaqueous Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Using Phosphonium-Based Ionic Liquid

Separation of Water-Insoluble and Neutral Linear Synthetic Polymers in Nonaqueous Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Using Phosphonium-Based Ionic Liquid

Charge-Based Separation of Acid-Functional Polymers by Non-aqueous Capillary Electrophoresis Employing Deprotonation and Heteroconjugation Approaches

Electrophoretic Behavior in Nonaqueous Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Using Tetrahydrofuran-Based Ternary Nonaqueous Solutions

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