Effect of surface roughness on runoff and erosion in a mediterranean ecosystem: the role of fire

Lavee, H.; Kutiel, Pua; Segev, M.; Benyamini, Y.

doi:10.1016/0169-555x(94)00059-z

Cited by 95 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Moreover, soil pores were reported to be blocked by burning ashes (Neary et al, 1999;Martin and Moody, 2001). In our study site, there is abundant precipitation, which may lead to the breakdown of soil aggregates and redistribution of ashes to block the macro-pores (Lavee et al, 1995). Therefore, decreases in R S could be due to decreased soil aeration in the controlled burning treatment.…”

Section: Effect Of Controlled Burning On Soil C Releasementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of site preparation treatments before afforestation on soil carbon release

Wang

et al. 2016

Forest Ecology and Management

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a b s t r a c tSite preparation, as an important procedure before afforestation, can affect soil C release. However, the effect of site preparation on soil C release has not been sufficiently investigated. Two site clearing treatments (brush clearing and controlled burning) followed by three soil preparation treatments (overall soil preparation, spot soil preparation, and no soil preparation (control)) were carried out in subtropical China. Soil basal respiration (R S ) and C release of biomass burning were measured as soil C release on an area basis from March 2011 to March 2013. The site preparations changed the soil C release in the first year but had no effects in the second year. Compared with brush clearing (control), controlled burning (control) significantly increased the annual soil C release (decreased R S but increased C release of biomass burning) during the first year. Within the brush clearing plots, overall soil preparation significantly increased the R S rate over eight months and resulted in an increase in annual soil C release during the first year compared to the no soil preparation. In contrast, spot soil preparation increased the R S rate only for three months and did not affect the annual soil C release during the first year relative to the no soil preparation. In the controlled burning plots, both overall and spot soil preparation increased the R S rate across six months, but only overall soil preparation caused a significant increase in the annual soil C release. Our study suggests that minimizing the disturbance of the site preparation would decrease soil C release. Concluding, the spot soil preparation followed brush clearing is a good choice for site preparation in term of soil C storage.

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Section: Effect Of Controlled Burning On Soil C Releasementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of site preparation treatments before afforestation on soil carbon release

Wang

et al. 2016

Forest Ecology and Management

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“…They also occur in the Payette region of Idaho; for example, major runoff-generated debris flows were spurred by a heavy 1995 thunderstorm in tributary basins of the North Fork Boise River that burned in 1994 . Low-severity fires that leave patches of litter and understory vegetation intact have limited effect because small, patchy runoff-generating areas and discontinuous overland flow paths allow re-infiltration (Lavee et al, 1995).…”

Section: Postfire Erosion and Deposition: Processes And Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All four debris-flow ages fall within the Medieval Warm Period (MWP, red bar at top), which precedes the Little Ice Age (LIA, blue bar at top). minimum recurrence interval for fires, since lowseverity burns often do not produce a geomorphic response (Lavee et al, 1995) and not all fire-related events are recognizable in the stratigraphic record. These small fire-induced sheetfloods occurred with a much higher frequency than observed for fire-induced events at any site in Yellowstone National Park, and imply frequent, low-severity fires.…”

Section: Payette River Area Low-elevation Forestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic controls on fire-induced sediment pulses in Yellowstone National Park and central Idaho: a long-term perspective

Meyer

Pierce

2003

Forest Ecology and Management

104

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Fire management addressing postfire erosion and aquatic ecosystems tends to focus on short-term effects persisting up to about a decade after fire. A longer perspective is important in understanding natural variability in postfire erosion and sedimentation, the role of these processes in structuring habitat, and future expectations in light of a warming climate and environmental change. In cool high-elevation forests of northern Yellowstone National Park, stand ages indicate infrequent large stand-replacing fires. In warmer low-elevation forests of the Payette River region of Idaho, fire-scarred tree-rings record frequent low-severity fires before 1900; stand-replacing fires and resulting debris flows in recent decades are usually attributed to 20th-century fire suppression, grazing, and other land uses. In both areas, however, tree-ring records extend back only about 500 years. We use 14 C-dated geologic records to examine spatial and temporal patterns of fire-induced sedimentation and its relation to climate over the last 10 000 years. We review sedimentation processes in modern postfire events, which vary in magnitude and impact on stream systems depending on burn severity, basin geomorphology, and the timing and characteristics of postfire storms. Modern deposits also provide analogs for identification of fire-related deposits in alluvial fans. In Yellowstone, episodes of fire-induced sedimentation occurred at intervals of about 300-450 years during the last 3500 years, indicating a regime of infrequent high-severity fires. Millennial-scale variations in the fire-sedimentation record appear to relate to hemispheric-scale climatic change. Fire-related sedimentation is rare in Yellowstone during cooler episodes (e.g., the Little Ice Age $1200-1900 A.D.), probably because effectively wetter conditions prevented most fires from spreading. During some of the same cool periods, the Payette region experienced light surface fires and frequent, small pulses of fire-induced sediment. Between 900 and 1200 A.D., however, large fire-related debris flows occurred in both study areas, coincident with the Medieval Warm Period. During that time, drought may have limited grass growth in xeric Payette-region forests, restricting surface fire spread and allowing understory shrubs and trees to create ladder fuels. Although fire suppression and land-use effects are clearly involved in recent catastrophic fires in the Payette region, a warming climate and severe drought are probable contributors to major stand-replacing fires and postfire sedimentation, both past and present. Restoration and maintenance of conditions prior to European settlement may be unrealistic because of the potent influence of climate, and the incidence of severe fires will likely increase in both areas with future warming. #

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“…Decay of roots after 5-10 years also increases the potential for slide failures of saturated colluvium that transform into debris flows (Schmidt, 2001); however, runoff-generated debris flows and floods appear to be the most common post-fire response in the Rocky Mountains, typically during summer convective storms on moderately to severely burned slopes (Wondzell and King, 2003;Cannon et al, 2003), In the MFSR basin, field observations indicate modern debris flows were initiated by runoff generation following summer storms (Riley, 2012). Low-severity fires leave remnants of unburned vegetation and litter such that runoff generation and flow paths are discontinuous, limiting hillslope erosion and sediment yields (Lavee et al, 1995). In the Idaho Batholith region, postfire events commonly result in deposition on alluvial fans where steep tributaries enter larger valleys.…”

Section: Fires and Geomorphic Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetative and climatic controls on Holocene wildfire and erosion recorded in alluvial fans of the Middle Fork Salmon River, Idaho

2015

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This is an author-produced, peer-reviewed version of this article. AbstractThe Middle Fork Salmon River watershed spans high-elevation mixed-conifer forests to lowerelevation shrub-steppe. In recent decades, runoff from severely burned hillslopes has generated large debris flows in steep tributary drainages. These flows incised alluvial fans along the mainstem river, where charcoal-rich debris-flow and sheetflood deposits preserve a record of latest Pleistocene to Holocene fires and geomorphic response. Through deposit sedimentology and 14 C dating of charcoal, we evaluate the processes and timing of fire-related sedimentation and the role of climate and vegetation change. Fire-related deposits compose ~66% of the total measured fan deposit thickness in more densely forested upper basins versus ~33% in shrubsteppe-dominated lower basins. Fires during the middle Holocene (~8000 -5000 cal yr BP) mostly resulted in sheetflood deposition, similar to modern events in lower basins. Decreased vegetation density during this generally warmer and drier period likely resulted in lowerseverity fires and more frequent but smaller fire-related sedimentation events. In contrast, thick fire-related debris-flow deposits of latest Pleistocene-early Holocene (~13,500-8000 cal yr BP) and late Holocene (< 4000 cal yr BP) age are inferred to represent higher-severity fires, though data in the former period are limited. Widespread fires occurred in both upper and lower basins within the Medieval Climatic Anomaly (1050-650 cal yr BP) and the early Little Ice Age ca. 550 cal yr BP. We conclude that a generally cooler late Holocene climate and a shift to denser lodgepole pine forests in upper basins by ~2500 cal yr BP provided fuel for severe fires during episodic droughts.

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Effect of surface roughness on runoff and erosion in a mediterranean ecosystem: the role of fire

Cited by 95 publications

References 13 publications

Effects of site preparation treatments before afforestation on soil carbon release

Effects of site preparation treatments before afforestation on soil carbon release

Climatic controls on fire-induced sediment pulses in Yellowstone National Park and central Idaho: a long-term perspective

Vegetative and climatic controls on Holocene wildfire and erosion recorded in alluvial fans of the Middle Fork Salmon River, Idaho

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