Effect of Surface Processing Variables on Hydrogen Embrittlement of Steel Fasteners Part 1: Hot Dip Galvanizing

Brahimi, S.; Rajagopalan, Sriraman K.; Yue, Song; Szpunar, Jerzy A.

doi:10.1179/cmq.2009.48.3.293

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Previous studies with standard notch bars (i.e. made with AISI 4340 steel at 51-53 HRC) have shown a similar drop of NFS %air to approximately 90%, presumed to be caused by residual hydrogen [2,3].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…This is not only because electroplating is the last manufacturing process where hydrogen is introduced, but also hydrogen that is absorbed during surface preparation (e.g. acid pickling) followed by electroplating is 'locked-in' by the coating metal, which acts as a barrier to hydrogen effusion from the finished fastener [2,3]. EHE is caused by hydrogen introduced into the fastener from external sources while it is in use and under stress.…”

Section: Introduction (A) General Description Of Hydrogen Embrittlement In High-strength Steelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alloy and composition dependence of hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility in high-strength steel fasteners

Brahimi

Yue

Sriraman

2017

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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High-strength steel fasteners characterized by tensile strengths above 1100 MPa are often used in critical applications where a failure can have catastrophic consequences. Preventing hydrogen embrittlement (HE) failure is a fundamental concern implicating the entire fastener supply chain. Research is typically conducted under idealized conditions that cannot be translated into know-how prescribed in fastener industry standards and practices. Additionally, inconsistencies and even contradictions in fastener industry standards have led to much confusion and many preventable or misdiagnosed fastener failures. HE susceptibility is a function of the material condition, which is comprehensively described by the metallurgical and mechanical properties. Material strength has a first-order effect on HE susceptibility, which increases significantly above 1200 MPa and is characterized by a ductile--brittle transition. For a given concentration of hydrogen and at equal strength, the critical strength above which the ductile-brittle transition begins can vary due to second-order effects of chemistry, tempering temperature and sub-microstructure. Additionally, non-homogeneity of the metallurgical structure resulting from poorly controlled heat treatment, impurities and non-metallic inclusions can increase HE susceptibility of steel in ways that are measurable but unpredictable. Below 1200 MPa, non-conforming quality is often the root cause of real-life failures.This article is part of the themed issue 'The challenges of hydrogen and metals'.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introduction (A) General Description Of Hydrogen Embrittlement In High-strength Steelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alloy and composition dependence of hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility in high-strength steel fasteners

Brahimi

Yue

Sriraman

2017

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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“…The author reported that hydrogen was picked up during the hot-dip coating process but the intermetallic compounds had prohibited the escape of hydrogen during baking, thus causing embrittlement. Brahimi et al [35] then validated that the fracture strength of galvanized high strength steel had deteriorated due to the trapped hydrogen. The strengths dropped by 12% and 60% as compared to the uncoated specimen based on fast fracture and increment step loading tests, respectively.…”

Section: Hydrogen Embrittlementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Like electroplating, hot-dip galvanizing also causes the risk of hydrogen embrittlement of fasteners [34,35], especially for high strength steel with hardness of 33 HRC and above. It is generally believed that hydrogen is picked up during the acid pickling process and, therefore, baking is required after pickling and prior to galvanizing.…”

Section: Advantages and Disadvantages Of Hot-dip Galvanizingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Incremental step load testing is the method recommended by ASTM F1940 [148] to monitor the potential internal hydrogen embrittlement of fasteners using a notched square bar specimen. Brahimi et al [35] concluded that the molten zinc from galvanizing process had caused thermal shock to the high strength steel, thus releasing the internally trapped hydrogen but the thick zinc coating prevented the hydrogen from escaping.…”

Section: Hydrogen Embrittlementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deposition processes and properties of coatings on steel fasteners — A review

2019

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Mechanical fastening is widely used in joining metals, particularly in automotive, aerospace, building and construction industries. However, the main concern on mechanical fastening is the issue of corrosion. An effective way to prolong the service life of steel fasteners is to apply protective coatings onto these components. This paper reviews and compares a few common coating deposition techniques, i.e., electroplating, hot-dip galvanizing, ion vapour deposition and mechanical plating, in terms of their characteristics. Compositional and microstructural properties including morphology and porosity, corrosion resistance performance and frictional performance of the coatings formed by each process are discussed in details. Hydrogen embrittlement, a premature failure often occurred on high strength steel fasteners, is also reviewed. The key results of recent studies of various metallic coatings on fasteners are presented to provide a fundamental understanding of the evolving topics, and the research gaps have been identified for further investigation.

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The Relationship between Mechanical Strength and Hydrogen Embrittlement

FEAUGAS,

SCOTT

2023

New Advanced High Strength Steels

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Effect of Surface Processing Variables on Hydrogen Embrittlement of Steel Fasteners Part 1: Hot Dip Galvanizing

Cited by 6 publications

References 2 publications

Alloy and composition dependence of hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility in high-strength steel fasteners

Alloy and composition dependence of hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility in high-strength steel fasteners

Deposition processes and properties of coatings on steel fasteners — A review

The Relationship between Mechanical Strength and Hydrogen Embrittlement

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