Effect of Surface Morphology on the Dissipation During Shear and Slip Along a Rock–Rock Interface that Contains a Visco-elastic Core

Angheluta, Luiza; Candela, Thibault; Mathiesen, Joachim; Renard, François

doi:10.1007/s00024-011-0272-8

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…We have analyzed five natural fault surfaces which were selected because of their particularly well preserved slip surfaces, large exposures and few pits or weathering damage patterns. Existing data sets on the Vuache‐Sillingy [ Candela et al , 2009; Angheluta et al , 2011], Magnola [ Candela et al , 2009], Corona Heights [ Candela et al , 2011a], Dixie Valley [ Candela et al , 2011b] faults have been updated with new measurements and extended with the Bolu fault (see Tables 1a and 1b). As examples, two fault surfaces (Corona Heights fault, Figure 2 and Bolu fault, Figure 3) have been selected to illustrate the topographic data with the three scanner devices covering complementary scales.…”

Section: Fault Roughness Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present study, we investigate roughness properties of five fault surfaces using three independent scanner devices (a Light Detection And Ranging apparatus – also called LiDAR, a laser profilometer, and a white light interferometer), together spanning a range of scales from 5 × 10 −5 m to 10 m. A focus of our study is to include measurements at different scales on the same fault surface by physically sampling large, exposed surfaces to extract samples for laboratory analyses. Our prior data on fault surface roughness [ Candela et al , 2009; Angheluta et al , 2011; Candela et al , 2011a, 2011b] have been updated and extended with new measurements (see Tables 1a and 1b). We present also here new results on the geometry of thirteen map‐scale rupture traces of large continental earthquakes (see Table 2), giving access to a range of scales from 200 m to 50 km.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Roughness of fault surfaces over nine decades of length scales

Candela¹,

Renard²,

Klinger³

et al. 2012

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] We report on the topographic roughness measurements of five exhumed faults and thirteen surface earthquake ruptures over a large range of scales: from 50 mm to 50 km. We used three scanner devices (LiDAR, laser profilometer, white light interferometer), spanning complementary scale ranges from 50 mm to 10 m, to measure the 3-D topography of the same objects, i.e., five exhumed slip surfaces (Vuache-Sillingy, Bolu, Corona Heights, Dixie Valley, Magnola). A consistent geometrical property, i.e., self-affinity, emerges as the morphology of the slip surfaces shows at first order, a linear behavior on a log-log plot where axes are fault roughness and spatial length scale, covering five decades of length-scales. The observed fault roughness is scale dependent, with an anisotropic self-affine behavior described by four parameters: two power law exponents H, constant among all the faults studied but slightly anisotropic (H k = 0.58 AE 0.07 in the slip direction and H ? = 0.81 AE 0.04 perpendicular to it), and two pre-factors showing variability over the faults studied. For larger scales between 200 m and 50 km, we have analyzed the 2-D roughness of the surface rupture of thirteen major continental earthquakes. These ruptures show geometrical properties consistent with the slip-perpendicular behavior of the smaller-scale measurements. Our analysis suggests that the inherent non-alignment between the exposed traces and the along or normal slip direction results in sampling the slip-perpendicular geometry. Although a data gap exists between the scanned fault scarps and rupture traces, the measurements are consistent within the error bars with a single geometrical description, i.e., consistent dimensionality, over nine decades of length scales.

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Section: Fault Roughness Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roughness of fault surfaces over nine decades of length scales

Candela¹,

Renard²,

Klinger³

et al. 2012

J. Geophys. Res.

Self Cite

288

338

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show abstract

“…At the fault scale, Candela et al [2011a;2011b] proposed that roughness variations could control the stress drop and slip distribution during earthquakes. The effect of fault roughness on the heterogeneity of stress distribution and sliding resistance within the fault zone has been investigated by numerical means [Saucier et al, 1992;Chester and Chester, 2000;Dieterich and Smith, 2009;Angheluta et al, 2011].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical investigation of the interplay between wall geometry and friction in granular fault gouge

2013

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[1] The influence of surface roughness is central in understanding the behavior of various types of shear zones including faults, landslides, and deformation in glacial till. All of these systems contain a non-planar rough wall, which interacts with either a gouge zone or another wall. We use the 3-D discrete element method (DEM) to investigate both the effect of boundary roughness and friction. Granular non-cohesive gouge is sandwiched between rough walls with large grooves, or smooth walls composed of spherical particles that can be adjusted to control roughness. Roughness and gouge properties are scaled to laboratory friction experiments. We vary friction between the particles and the wall and monitor shear strength, height, coordination number, distribution, and orientation of particle forces, localization, and porosity distribution in the shear zone. We find that, on the first-order, strength is controlled by particle-particle friction and mechanical coupling of the fault zone wall to the gouge. Rough boundaries (RMS roughness > grain radius) force more shear within the gouge zone, dilating the layer and sliding more grains, which leads to large stress necessary to shear the layer. When large amplitude roughness is removed, and roughness is at the grain-scale, the coupling, and thus the strength, is controlled by both wall and particle friction as well as fine-scale boundary roughness. These differences are reflected in profiles of shear within the gouge zone and offset at the boundary in smooth models. From our simulations, we quantify how and why rough natural faults will have a higher overall strength.

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“…It is well known that surfaces of faults and fractures in rocks are rough at all scales (Brown and Scholz, 1985;Hobbs, 1993;Power and Durham, 1997;Candela et al, 2012). The roughness of fracture surfaces is important for a range of geological processes such as the mechanical behavior of faults (Okubo and Dietrich, 1984;Griffith et al, 2010;Candela et al, 2011a, b;Angheluta et al, 2011;Ahmadi et al, 2016) or the fluid flow in jointed rock or fault zones (Chen et al, 2000;Watanabe et al, 2008;Bisdom et al, 2016;Briggs et al, 2017;Jin et al, 2017;Zambrano et al, 2019;Kottwitz et al, 2020). However, the processes and parameters controlling the details of the fracture geometry are not fully understood yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roughness of fracture surfaces in numerical models and laboratory experiments

Abe

Deckert

2021

Solid Earth

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Abstract. We investigate the influence of stress conditions during fracture formation on the geometry and roughness of fracture surfaces. Rough fracture surfaces have been generated in numerical simulations of triaxial deformation experiments using the discrete element method and in a small number of laboratory experiments on limestone and sandstone samples. Digital surface models of the rock samples fractured in the laboratory experiments were produced using high-resolution photogrammetry. The roughness of the surfaces was analyzed in terms of absolute roughness measures such as an estimated joint roughness coefficient (JRC) and in terms of its scaling properties. The results show that all analyzed surfaces are self-affine but with different Hurst exponents between the numerical models and the real rock samples. Results from numerical simulations using a wide range of stress conditions to generate the fracture surfaces show a weak decrease of the Hurst exponents with increasing confining stress and a larger absolute roughness for transversely isotropic stress conditions compared to true triaxial conditions. Other than that, our results suggest that stress conditions have little influence on the surface roughness of newly formed fractures.

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Effect of Surface Morphology on the Dissipation During Shear and Slip Along a Rock–Rock Interface that Contains a Visco-elastic Core

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Roughness of fault surfaces over nine decades of length scales

Roughness of fault surfaces over nine decades of length scales

Numerical investigation of the interplay between wall geometry and friction in granular fault gouge

Roughness of fracture surfaces in numerical models and laboratory experiments

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