Effect of surface modifications on the layered solid solution cathodes (1−z) Li[Li1/3Mn2/3]O2−(z) Li[Mn0.5−yNi0.5−yCo2y]O2

Recent Developments in Synthesis of xLi2MnO3 · (1 − x)LiMO2 (M = Ni, Co, Mn) Cathode Powders for High-Energy Lithium Rechargeable Batteries

“…The surface modified cathodes with oxides (Wu and Manthiram, 2009) or FePO 4 (Wang et al, 2013) show higher first coulombic efficiency, discharge capacity, and capacity retention than the unmodified samples due to the retention of higher number of oxide ion vacancies in the lattice after the first charge (Wu and Manthiram, 2009;Wang et al, 2013). In addition, it was reported that TiO 2 -coated Li [Li 0.2 Mn 0.54 Ni 0.13 Co 0.13 ]O 2 has enhanced thermal stability and cyclability (Zheng et al, 2008).…”

“…The stoichiometric mixture is initially decomposed at 480-600°C for 3-15 h, then pelletized and calcined at 850-1000°C for 10-24 h in air. The sample can be rapidly quenched (in air or liquid nitrogen) (Kim et al, 2002;Ito et al, 2008;Wu and Manthiram, 2009;Madhu et al, 2010;Li et al, 2011; or furnace cooled (Wang et al, 2012).…”

“…Scanning electron microscopy images of a typical product is shown in Figure 1 (Li et al, 2011), which represent the non-uniformity of the solidstate synthetic products. The manganese-nickel-cobalt hydroxide precursor is prepared by co-precipitation of transition metal aqueous solutions (nitrate or acetate of Ni 2+ , Co 2+ , Mn 2+ ) in a basic aqueous solution (sodium, potassium, or lithium hydroxide) (Kim et al, 2002;Kang et al, 2006;Johnson et al, 2007Johnson et al, , 2008Park et al, 2007a;Wu and Manthiram, 2009;Li et al, 2011;Xu et al, 2011). In order to prepare the hydroxide precursor with uniform particle size, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and ethylene glycol (EG) are used as dispersants (Xiang et al, 2013).…”

“…Surface of high-energy materials can be modified with Al 2 O 3 , CeO 2 , ZnO 2 , or ZnO (3 wt% in the final product) (Wu and Manthiram, 2009), TiO 2 (Zheng et al, 2008), FePO 4 (Wang et al, 2013), or treated with 0.1 M HNO 3 (Kang et al, 2006). The surface modified cathodes with oxides (Wu and Manthiram, 2009) or FePO 4 (Wang et al, 2013) show higher first coulombic efficiency, discharge capacity, and capacity retention than the unmodified samples due to the retention of higher number of oxide ion vacancies in the lattice after the first charge (Wu and Manthiram, 2009;Wang et al, 2013).…”

Nanoscale electrode architectures for electrochemical energy conversion and storage.

“…[86,87] [91], suppression of electrolyte decomposition [92]. However, more detailed studies are required to probe the reasons for protective effect of these coatings.…”