Effect of surface modification of nanosilica on crystallization, thermal and mechanical properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride)

In situ ZnO nanowire growth to promote the PVDF piezo phase and the ZnO–PVDF hybrid self-rectified nanogenerator as a touch sensor

“…The characteristic peaks of the b phase are at 1275 and 840 cm À1 from the IR spectrum. 20,21 According the C, B and A values, the greater the content of ZnO NWs in the PVDF film, the more the b phase concentration increased.…”

“…[11][12][13][14] Many reports have discussed how to improve the b phase content of PVDF thin films. 12,13 Usually they stretch the thin PVDF film in macro conditions either uniaxially or biaxially. The purpose of this work is the in situ changing of the a phase to the b phase with the growing of ZnO NWs.…”

Effect of silane coupling agent on the morphology, structure, and properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride–trifluoroethylene)/BaTiO3 composites

“…The surface functionality of modified fillers was found to influence the crystalline structure of VDF polymer matrices. Clay modified with alkyl, aryl and hydroxyl groups [26] and silica nanoparticles modified with amino and alkyl groups [27] induced the formation of different crystalline structures in P(VDF-HFP) and PVDF respectively, depending on the type of surface functionalization. Clay modified by alkyl functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) formed intercalated structures in PVDF nanocomposites, while functionalization with fluorinated ILs led to exfoliated structures, greatly enhancing the strain at break [28].…”

“…Surface functionalization of CaCO 3 with a fluorinated alkoxysilane led to PVDF nanocomposites with enhanced filler dispersion, better thermal stability and improved gas barrier [30], while a commercial organo-silane coated ZnO only slightly increased the storage modulus of a P(VDFTrFE) based nanocomposite versus uncoated ZnO, with no influence on the dispersion state of the filler or on the crystallinity of the matrix [31]. High permittivity nanocomposite films were fabricated by embedding, into VDF-based polymer matrices, BaTiO 3 particles that were surface modified with fluorinated phosphonic acid [32], dopamine [27,33], organofunctional titanates with long alkyl chains [34,35], aminopropyl triethoxy silane [25], or surface hydroxylated by refluxing in aqueous H 2 O 2 [36,37]. Furthermore, in a different approach, BaTiO 3 nanoparticles were generated in situ in a PVDF-g-HEMA copolymer, in which the -OH group of the HEMA units acted as a bridge with the nanoparticles surface, obtaining high dielectric constant, although the dielectric losses also increased with BaTiO 3 concentration [38].…”

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/carbon nanotube nanocomposites for energy storage and conversion

“…It also shows that the β-phase will increase while the α-phase decrease when there is an increase in MWCNTs content. The intensities of the β-phase became stronger, while the bands of the α-phase became weaker, suggesting that the α-phase is progressively replaced by the β-phase [36,37]. It is well known that the specific surface area of MWCNTs is higher than that of PVDF.…”