Effect of Surface and Subsurface Drip Irrigation and Furrows Irrigation System on Water Productivity, Growth and Yield of Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L)

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted in Al-Yusufiya district - Al-Mahmoudiya district, Baghdad province during the winter season 2021, to study improving the efficiency and management of water use and the productivity of lettuce under different irrigation systems. The Nested-Factorial Experiments design was used, where the main plots include the first factor, irrigation levels (I1) 50%, (I2) 75%, (I3) 100, (I4) 125%, (I5) 150% ETpan. After depleting 35% of the available water and in terms of climatic data from the American Evaporative Basin, Class A. Then the main factor is divided into three replicates, and the coefficients of the second factor are distributed randomly within each replicate, which includes the irrigation system: surface drip irrigation, a plant line drip line (S1) and a two plant line drip line (S2), The subsurface drip irrigation system is a plant-line drip line (SS1) and a two plant drip line (SS2) and furrows irrigation system (SI.) The results show that the highest field water use efficiency is 108.2 and 104.1 kg m-3 for the subsurface drip irrigation system (SS2) and (SS1) and at irrigation level I2. While the field water use efficiency of the surface drip irrigation system was 72.07 kg m-3 at the level of irrigation I3 for treatment (S1) and for treatment (S2) it reached 68.90 kg m-3 at the level of irrigation I4. As for irrigation in-furrow (SI), it reached 33.30 kg m-1 for irrigation level I2 and the highest yield was 286.2 Mg. ha-1 for I5SS2 treatment, and the lowest yield was 62.50 Mg. ha-1 for I1S1 treatment. The highest average head length and head circumference were 46.19 and 69.20 cm at I5SS1 treatment, respectively.

Sustainable Groundwater Management Through Micro Irrigation: A Critical Review on Challenges and Solutions

“…The beneficial effects of micro irrigation have been demonstrated in research highlights the enhanced water efficiency, heightened productivity, and the potential of drip irrigation in areas with limited water resources (Abou et al, 2019). Similarly study in salty soil locations revealed that drip irrigation leads to higher cotton yield (Khamees et al, 2023). The study conducted by (Saxena & Purohit, 2015) examines the impact of different levels of salinity in water on the yield of okra crops.…”

Assessment of Soil Quality and Health Using Some Physical and Biological Properties for Fadak Farm Project

“…Table (1) shows the values of the bulk density of the study area in general, which ranged between 1.32 -1.51 Mg.m -3 . Although all samples of the study area were generally of coarse texture, the decrease in the value of the bulk density was due to the nature of the land use for that site, as a significant decrease in the value of the bulk density in the greenhouse agricultural areas and the fields of alfalfa and wheat due to the field management applications by adding organic matter (humus) and plant residues, which was positively reflected on the values of the bulk density, which led to a decrease in those values, while an increase in the values of the bulk density is noted in the areas of barren lands, not cultivated and reclaimed lands, and because of the predominance of coarse grained in it, the values of the bulk density increased (36,39). Total porosity: The total porosity values in the study area ranged between 0.43 -0.50 cm 3 cm -3 .…”