Effect of Supra-Optimal Boron Levels on Respiration and Carbohydrate Metabolism of Helianthus Annuus

Scott, Eion G.

doi:10.1104/pp.35.5.653

Cited by 37 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Many other workers have also noted this relationship. We consequently find it surprising that much of the recent work on boron metabolism and its effects on plants is centered on in vitro carbohydrate metabolism (4,5,18) with no experimental efforts being directed toward elucidating the observed relationship between boron and plant hormones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A relationship between boron & auxin in C¹⁴ translocation in bean plants

Dyar

Webb

1961

Plant Physiol.

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The essentiality of boron for higher plants is well established although no definitive role proposed for this element has remained undisputed. So many processes are affected indirectly by boron that the primary effect(s) have remained obscure (9). Gauch and Dugger (9) suggest that a relatively specific role in carbohydrate translocation is indicated. Sucrose translocation is considerably reduced in boron deficient plants before morphological symptoms are evident. Gauch and Dugger (8) maintain that subsequent symptoms are simply the expression of carbohydrate deficiency resulting from the impaired translocation system. They suggest that a negatively charged sugar-boron complex might more easily traverse cell membranes than non-borated sugar molecules or that boron might be a constituent of the membrane site across which the sugar moves. Skok (20,21,22) points out that it is also possible for the relationship of boron to translocation to be indirect. He proposes that the boron effect on translocation is the result of the elements' essentiality to the metabolic activity of meristematic regions which have large substrate requirements. The effect of this particular metabolic activity including that associated with cell enlargement can be called sink effect; its relationship to translocation is now well established (3,12,23). If Skok is correct, cessation of growth would be the cause rather than the result of impaired carbohydrate translocation in boron deficient plants. Dugger et al. (4) proposed that boron affects the rate of translocation through its effect on the sugarstarch balance of the leaves. Scott (18) presents a similar hypothesis: "It appears that boron performs a protective function in plants in that it prevents excessive polymerisation of sugars at sites of sugar synthesis". It would appear, however, that boron

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A relationship between boron & auxin in C¹⁴ translocation in bean plants

Dyar

Webb

1961

Plant Physiol.

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“…The absence of starch granules in chloroplasts in plants grown in the 5.4 mg L -1 B treatment occurred also in all specimens (Figure 4). However, the exact cause of this effect is not known, and the same alteration in the carbohydrate metabolism due to B toxicity was verified by Scott (1960) for sunflower plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boron affects the growth and ultrastructure of castor bean plants

Silva¹,

Rossi²,

Boaretto³

et al. 2008

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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The cultivation of oleaginous plants like the castor bean guarantees employment for agricultural families and can contribute in energy and chemical sectors, especially in the northeastern semi-arid regions of Brazil. Boron (B) deficiency is a widespread nutritional disorder despite the fact that various anthropogenic sources with high B content may increase soil B to toxic levels for plants. The present study was designed to investigate the ultrastructural effects of boron deficiency and toxicity on castor bean plants which were grown under greenhouse condition using plastic containers with 10 L of nutrient solution. Boron treatments comprised: control (no B); 0.27 mg L -1 , 5.40 mg L -1 B pots (one plant per pot), tested in a completely randomized design with three replicates. The dry matter of all plant parts and B concentration were determined. Cellular ultrastructure was evaluated by transmission and scanning electron microscopy on samples of leaves and petioles. Dry matter yield was affected by the B absence treatment but there was no difference for the 5.4 mg L -1 B (toxic conditions) treatment. A marginal leaf burn at edge and tips of oldest leaves and absence of starch granules in chloroplasts were noted for the B toxicity treatment. The deformation of the youngest leaves, the death of the apical meristem as well as the swelling of the middle lamella, absence of starch granules in chloroplasts and petiole vessels untidily were observed in the B absent treatment. It is concluded that the production and development of castor bean plants is affected by boron deficiency, but not for boron toxicity conditions.

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“…The regulation of enzy matic reactions that result in a build-up of specific products (UDPG, glucose 1-phosphate, 6 phosphogluconate or others) may have significant effects in changing the physiology and/or morphology of plants. Lee and Arnoff (37) have pointed out the regulation of phenols by blocking 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, Loughman (29) has shown that phosphoglucomutase is inhibited by boron, and it has also been reported (26,27) that boron inhibits the synthesis of starch from glucose 1-phos phate and stimulates the synthesis of UDPG (28) a precursor for several diverse reactions leading to hexose elaboration into cellular constituents or products. Additional effort to test this regulating role of boron in plant carbo hydrate metabolism would be profitable.…”

Section: Prospectusmentioning

confidence: 97%

Functional Aspects of Boron in Plants

Dugger

1973

Advances in Chemistry

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Although the exact role of boron in plants is unknown, several physiological and biochemical activities associated with tissue boron content have been supported experimentally. This review covers some recent work on the role of boron in (1) organic translocation in plants, (2) enzymatic reactions, (3) plant growth regulator response, (4) cell division, (5) cell maturation, (6) nucleic acid metabolism, (7) phenolic acid biosynthesis, and (8) cell wall metabolism. The confusion surrounding the metabolic role of boron in plants has resulted in a "search" for the initial physiological effect of removing boron from the plant environment or, in some cases, adding boron to the plant growth medium or to excise tissue culture. Early plant responses to boron or to its deficiency and other types of experiments have helped clarify boron's role in plant metabolism.^lthough the fact that boron is essential for higher plants has been known for 62 years, a specific single role has never been elucidated; instead a number of roles for boron in plant metabolism have been postu lated (I). Within the past 50 years much research has been directed toward determining the elements physiological role. In recent years, it has become apparent that the "primary" role, if there is just one, may be associated with a biochemical effect of boron in enzymatic reactions or at the nucleic acid biosynthesis level. Much additional work will have to be done before the apparently separate and distinct roles can be brought together into a generally acceptable theory. This review attempts to consolidate some of the recent literature that points out diverse ideas on how boron acts in plant metabolism. Organic Translocation in PlantsIn 1953 a hypothesis was presented to account for one essential role of boron in plants (2). The authors interpreted their experimental data 112 Downloaded by UCSF LIB CKM RSCS MGMT on December 3, 2014 |

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Effect of Supra-Optimal Boron Levels on Respiration and Carbohydrate Metabolism of Helianthus Annuus

Cited by 37 publications

References 8 publications

A relationship between boron & auxin in C¹⁴ translocation in bean plants

A relationship between boron & auxin in C¹⁴ translocation in bean plants

Boron affects the growth and ultrastructure of castor bean plants

Functional Aspects of Boron in Plants

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Effect of Supra-Optimal Boron Levels on Respiration and Carbohydrate Metabolism of Helianthus Annuus

Cited by 37 publications

References 8 publications

A relationship between boron & auxin in C14 translocation in bean plants

A relationship between boron & auxin in C14 translocation in bean plants

Boron affects the growth and ultrastructure of castor bean plants

Functional Aspects of Boron in Plants

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A relationship between boron & auxin in C¹⁴ translocation in bean plants

A relationship between boron & auxin in C¹⁴ translocation in bean plants