Effect of Supplementing Organic Forms of Zinc, Selenium and Chromium on Performance, Anti-Oxidant and Immune Responses in Broiler Chicken Reared in Tropical Summer

Abstract

Two experiments were conducted to study the effect of supplementing organic forms of zinc (Zn), selenium (Se) and chromium (Cr) on performance, anti-oxidant activities and immune responses in broiler chickens from 1 to 21 days of age, which were reared in cyclic heat-stressed condition under tropical summer in open-sided poultry house. A total of 200 (experiment I) and 450-day-old (experiment II) broiler male chicks (Cobb 400) were randomly distributed in stainless steel battery brooders (610 mm × 762 mm × 475 mm) at the rate of five birds per pen. A maize-soybean meal-based control diet (CD) containing recommended (Vencobb 400, Broiler Management Guide) concentrations of inorganic trace minerals and other nutrients was prepared. The CD was supplemented individually with organic form of selenium (Se, 0.30 mg/kg), chromium (Cr, 2 mg/kg) and zinc (Zn, 40 mg/kg) in experiment I. In experiment II, two concentrations of each Zn (20 and 40 mg/kg), Se (0.15 and 0.30 mg/kg) and Cr (1 and 2 mg/kg) were supplemented to the basal diet in 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design. A group without supplementing inorganic trace minerals was maintained as control group in both experiments. Each diet was allotted randomly to ten replicates in both experiments and fed ad libitum from 1 to 21 days of age. At 19th day of age, blood samples were collected for estimation of anti-oxidant and immune responses. Supplementation of Se, Cr and Zn increased (P < 0.05) body mass gain (BMG) and feed intake compared to those fed the CD in experiment I. The feed efficiency (FE) in Cr-fed group was higher (P < 0.05) compared to the CD-fed group. Se or Cr supplementation reduced lipid peroxidation (LP) compared to broilers fed the CD. In experiment II, BMG was not affected (P > 0.05) by the interaction between levels of Zn, Se and Cr in broiler diet. The FE improved (P < 0.05) with supplementation of the trace minerals tested at both concentrations except in group fed 40 mg Zn, 0.5 mg Se and 1 mg Cr/kg. Reduction in lipid peroxidation (LP, P < 0.05) and increased (P < 0.05) activity of superoxide dismutase were observed in broiler fed organic Zn, Se and Cr compared to the CD-fed group. The dietary concentrations of Zn, Se and Cr did not influence (P > 0.05) the immune responses (Newcastle disease titre and cell-mediated immune response to phytohaemagglutinin-P) in both the experiments. Based on the results, it is concluded that supplementation of organic form of Se, Cr and Zn (0.30, 2 and 40 mg/kg, respectively) either alone or in combination significantly improved performance and anti-oxidant responses (reduced LP and increased superoxide dismutase) in commercial broiler chicks (21 days of age) reared in cyclic heat stress conditions in open-sided poultry house during summer.

Effects of nanoparticles of zinc oxide on productive performance of laying hens. – a review.

“…For example, adding a combination of zinc and vitamin C in the diet of layer hens decreased the negative impact of both cold and heat stress, thus, there were an improvement in egg production compared to the control group (Gerzilov et al, 2015). Rao et al (2016) reported that supplementation of 40 mg/kg Zn significantly improved growth performance and anti-oxidant responses of broiler male chicks exposed to heat stress during 1-21 days of age. Sunder et al (2008) showed that addition of zinc to broiler diets was important for improving immune response and mineral retention.…”

Effects of zinc sources and levels on zinc bioavailability, blood parameters, and nutrient balance of male mink (Neovison vison)

“…The Cu-ZnSOD, in which Zn is an integral part, is an important antioxidant defense in nearly all living cells exposed to oxygen (Paz Matias et al 2014). Rao et al (2016) found that supplementation of organic form of Zn increased SOD. Similarly, the results from our study also indicated that Zn supplementation increased the activity of Cu-ZnSOD.…”

Effects of in ovo injection of nano-selenium and nano-zinc oxide and high eggshell temperature during late incubation on antioxidant activity, thyroid and glucocorticoid hormones and some blood metabolites in broiler hatchlings

“…During the manipulations, the EST was measured every 12 h with an infrared digital thermometer (IRT 6020, Thermoscan, Braun, Germany) and the machine temperature was adjusted to maintain the target EST in each treatment. The physiological requirement in trace mineral is low (Surai, Fisinin, & Karadas, 2016) and the requirement increase under hyperthermic conditions (Rama Rao et al, 2016) and thus, Nano-Se and Nano-ZnO injection was considered only at high EST.…”