Effect of Supplementation with Olive Leaf Extract Enriched with Oleuropein on the Metabolome and Redox Status of Athletes’ Blood and Urine—A Metabolomic Approach

Abstract

Oleuropein (OE) is a secoiridoid glycoside occurring mostly in the Oleaceae family and presenting several pharmacological properties, including hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties. Based on these, several dietary supplements containing olive leaf extracts enriched with OE are commercially available in many countries. The current study aimed to examine the effect of supplementation with such an extract on the serum and urine metabolome of young healthy male athletes. For this purpose, applying a randomized, balanced, double-blind study, nine young, healthy males (physical education students) received either a commercially prepared extract or placebo for one week, followed by a two-week washout period; then, they were subsequently dosed with the alternate scheme (crossover design). Urine and serum samples were analyzed using UHPLC-HRMS, followed by evaluation with several multivariate methods of data analysis. The data were interpreted using a multilevel metabolomic approach (multilevel-sPLSDA) as it was found to be the most efficient approach for the study design. Metabolic pathway analysis of the most affected metabolites revealed that tryptophan and acylcarnitine’s biochemistries were most influenced. Furthermore, several metabolites connected to indole metabolism were detected, which may indicate enhanced serotonin turnover. Phenylethylamine and related metabolites, as well as estrone, were connected to enhanced performance. In addition, possible changes to the lipidemic profile and the blood and urine redox statuses were investigated.

An aqueous olive leaf extract (OLE) ameliorates parameters of oxidative stress associated with lipid accumulation and induces lipophagy in human hepatic cells

“…Our data agree with those obtained by in vivo and in vitro experiments reporting a protective role of olive oil and its phenolic components on mitochondrial membrane potential and functions. 59–62 Moreover, the decrease in lipid accumulation after OLE treatments can be responsible for the ameliorative effect on insulin signaling we measured. This latter result is in keeping with previous observations suggesting that oleuropein decreases insulin resistance and prevents the progression of NASH to fibrosis.…”

Research advances in the application of metabolomics in exercise science

“…As shown in Figure 3 , changes in metabolites such as glucose, fatty acids, and triglycerides were observed in both long-term exercising and long-term non-exercising populations, but higher levels of fatty acids, triglycerides and cholesterol existed in long-term non-exercising populations, which are prone to chronic metabolic diseases such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome ( Mendham et al, 2021 ; Remie et al, 2021 ; McClain et al, 2022 ). However, people who exercise for a long period can accelerate the utilization of energy substances, reduce the accumulation of fat, and lower the levels of fatty acids, triglycerides, and cholesterol, which is conducive to the maintenance of healthy body weight as well as lowering the risk of chronic diseases ( Table 2 ) ( Tzimou et al, 2020 ; Bihlmeyer et al, 2021 ; Koay et al, 2021 ; Lemonakis et al, 2022 ). In the future, we will focus on the far-reaching effects of long-term exercise on weight loss and health.…”

Big Data in Sports Medicine and Exercise Science: Integrating Theory and Practice for Future Innovations

“…The convergence of metabolomics with big data has the potential to unlock unprecedented levels of personalization in athlete care (64,65). Imagine a scenario where the metabolic profile of an athlete, derived from non-invasive samples like saliva or sweat, is continuously monitored and analyzed using advanced big data algorithms.…”