Effect of supplementation with molecular or nano-clay adsorbent on growth performance and haematological indices of starter and grower turkeys fed diets contaminated with varying dosages of aflatoxin B1

Ameliorative Effects of Neutral Electrolyzed Water on Growth Performance, Biochemical Constituents, and Histopathological Changes in Turkey Poults during Aflatoxicosis

“…On the other hand, feed conversion ratio (g feed:g body weight gain) was only affected in poults of the AF group, presenting values up to 2.841 (Table 1). Lala et al [1] reported a feed conversion rate of 2.930 in starter turkeys fed a diet containing 110 ng/g AFB 1 , which is consistent with our findings. In this investigation, the observed mortality during the 2-week period was as follows: 13 poults in the AF group (22%), 2 poults in the group AF + NEW (3%) and 0 mortality in the CONTROL and NEW groups, respectively.…”

“…Among the many types of microorganisms that cause food-borne disease outbreaks, toxigenic fungi and their products (mycotoxins) threaten the health and economy of the poultry industry by contaminating feed materials [1,2,3,4]. Mycotoxins are widespread food and feed compounds capable of causing innumerable damaging effects to humans and animals; these contaminants are a chemical assemblage of fungal-originated toxins that may be found naturally in grains and cereal products.…”

“…The best option to prevent mycotoxicosis is to avoid the use of contaminated materials, followed by fungi disinfection [13,14], and finally inactivation of the mycotoxin. A diversified portfolio of strategies to detoxify food and feed has been proposed to reduce the adverse effects of aflatoxin contamination, including physical selection of the contaminated commodity, thermal inactivation, irradiation and supplementation with nano-clay adsorbent, biological degradation by microbial fermentation, and chemical treatment with acids, bases, organic solvents, and gases [1,15]. Many control methods are impractical because they also alter the quality of the food and feed materials; moreover, some of them are expensive and environmental unfriendly.…”

Harmful Effects and Control Strategies of Aflatoxin B1 Produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus Strains on Poultry: Review

“…Thus, when the AFB 1 produced by the same fungal strain and the animal model was not changed, the doses of different AFB 1 binders that induced the same effect (binding AFB 1 and protecting birds from its toxic effects) varied [31,60,135], probably due to differences in the efficiency of AFB 1 binders. Therefore, a new option consisting of an AF nano-binder has been developed, where adding 2.5 g of nano-clay/kg diet contaminated with 110 μg AFB 1 /kg was more efficient at improving the productivity of turkeys by protecting the liver, kidney, and intestine, as well as for enhancing their functions compared with molecular clay [137,138]. In addition, adding nano-composite magnetic graphene oxide with chitosan (5.0 g/kg diet) decreased the concentration of AFB 1 in the intestine from 18 μg to 6 μg/kg and increased body weight gain and FCR to the levels achieved with an AFB 1 -free diet when chickens consumed a diet contaminated with 22 μg AFB 1 /kg produced by A. parasiticus (FRR 2999) [29].…”

Effect of Dietary Niacin Supplementation on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Hematology, and Lipoprotein Concentrations of Young Turkeys, <i>Meleagris gallopavo</i>

“…In addition, Maurice et al (1990) reported that the modern genetic lines of turkeys seem to require higher niacin supplementation to meet their increasing body needs. Therefore, niacin supplementation might be essential for turkey poults in the reduction of accumulated fat, to meet the expected high growth rates, and to bridge the gap between the demand and availability of balanced nutrition (Lala et al, 2015). However, it is not clear whether the high or recommended niacin supplementation could improve the productive performance and lipid metabolism in rapid growing young turkeys.…”