Effect of Supplementation with Hydroethanolic Extract of Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Berg.) Leaves and Two Isolated Substances from the Extract on Metabolic Parameters of Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

Abstract

There are still controversies regarding the correlation between the beneficial effects for health and the administration of isolated compounds or crude extracts in therapeutic applications. Campomanesia xanthocarpa, found in the Brazilian Cerrado, demonstrated beneficial effects in metabolic disorders associated with obesity. We investigated the effects of Campomanesia xanthocarpa hydroethanolic extract and two isolated substances from the extract (S1 and S2) in a diet-induced obesity (DIO) model. Male Swiss mice were divided into five groups: (1) American Institute of Nutrition (AIN-93M) diet, (2) high-fat diet (HF), (3) HF supplemented with C. xanthocarpa hydroethanolic leaf extract at 100 mg/kg (HFE), (4) HF supplemented with S1 at 1 mg/kg (HFS1) and (5) HF supplemented with S2 at 1 mg/kg (HFS2). The HFS1, HFS2 and HFE groups did not present decreasing body weight or visceral adiposity gain. No differences in glycemic and lipid parameters, or in the expression of protein content in two cytokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10), were observed. Only the HFS1 group displayed decreased food intake. Even though substantial effects such as an improvement in obesity features or the metabolic and histological parameters promoted by S1, S2 and the extract were not observed, further investigations are necessary to evaluate the principal genes and protein expressions involved in regulating food behavior promoted by S1.

Metabolic Impact of Flavonoids Consumption in Obesity: From Central to Peripheral

“…Several studies have demonstrated that, either from natural sources or synthetic, chalcones can impact on glucose and lipid metabolism and their health benefits have been studied in relation to type 2 diabetes [ 379 ]. Chalcones have shown hypoglycemic capacity, the ability to modulate food intake and activate AMPK, as well as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-obesity, hepatoprotective and neuroprotective properties [ 380 , 381 , 382 , 383 , 384 , 385 , 386 , 387 , 388 , 389 , 390 , 391 , 392 ] Although there are no many studies in humans the effects of chalcones in the obese phenotype in animal models are similar to the ones described for other flavonoids, thus suggesting a potential therapeutic role of these group of bioactive compounds.…”

Therapeutic Effects of Morinda citrifolia Linn. (Noni) Aqueous Fruit Extract on the Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in High-Fat/High-Fructose-Fed Swiss Mice

“…After 16 weeks of the experiment, the animals were anesthetized with isoflurane (Isoforine, Cristália, Itapira, SP, Brazil) and euthanized by cardiac puncture [ 41 ]. The blood and organs were collected for subsequent analysis.…”

“…The weight of each fat pad (mg) was normalized by the body weight (g) of the animal [ 38 ]. The adiposity index was calculated as the total sum of visceral white adipose tissue (g) divided by the final body weight of the animal ×100 and expressed as the percentage of adiposity [ 41 , 42 , 43 ].…”

“…The mice were weighed two times per week, to evaluate weight changes up to the end of the experiment. The food intake was measured weekly and the feed efficiency index (FEI) [ 41 , 44 ], which refers to the amount of food consumed that can promote body weight gain, was calculated by using Equation (1), where FBW is the final body weight in grams, IBW is the initial body weight in grams, and TF is the total amount of food ingested in grams: FEI = FBW − IBW/TF …”

“…All groups had ad libitum access to water and food during the experimental period and were kept in an alternating 12 h light/dark cycle, in a temperature-controlled room (22 ± 2 °C). After 16 weeks of the experiment, the animals were anesthetized with isoflurane (Isoforine, Cristália, Itapira, SP, Brazil) and euthanized by cardiac puncture [41]. The blood and organs were collected for subsequent analysis.…”