Effect of Supplemental Fat on Digestion and the Ruminal Calcium Requirement of Sheep2

White, Tony; Grainger, R. B.; Baker, Frank; Stroud, J. W.

doi:10.2527/jas1958.173797x

Cited by 51 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Ruminal microorganisms Over the years, it has been well recognized that supplemental oil affects certain aspects of microbial metabolic activity and/or modifies the microbial population in the rumen that are involved with cellulose digestion (White et al, 1958;Ørskov et al, 1978). Changes in the ruminal microbiota, as well as increased availability of free fatty acids in the rumen, are major factors affecting ruminal digestion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soybean oil and linseed oil supplementation affect profiles of ruminal microorganisms in dairy cows

Yang

Wang

et al. 2009

Animal

129

105

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The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in ruminal microorganisms and fermentation parameters due to dietary supplementation of soybean and linseed oil alone or in combination. Four dietary treatments were tested in a Latin square designed experiment using four primiparous rumen-cannulated dairy cows. Treatments were control (C, 60 : 40 forage to concentrate) or C with 4% soybean oil (S), 4% linseed oil (L) or 2% soybean oil plus 2% linseed oil (SL) in a 4 × 4 Latin square with four periods of 21 days. Forage and concentrate mixtures were fed at 0800 and 2000 h daily. Ruminal fluid was collected every 2 h over a 12-h period on day 19 of each experimental period and pH was measured immediately. Samples were prepared for analyses of concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFA) by GLC and ammonia. Counts of total and individual bacterial groups (cellulolytic, proteolytic, amylolytic bacteria and total viable bacteria) were performed using the roll-tube technique, and protozoa counts were measured via microscopy in ruminal fluid collected at 0, 4 and 8 h after the morning feeding. Content of ruminal digesta was obtained via the rumen cannula before the morning feeding and used immediately for DNA extraction and quantity of specific bacterial species was obtained using real- time PCR. Ruminal pH did not differ but total VFA (110v. 105 mmol/l) were lower (P< 0.05) with oil supplementation compared with C. Concentration of ruminal NH3-N (4.4v. 5.6 mmol/l) was greater (P< 0.05) due to oil compared with C. Compared with C, oil supplementation resulted in lower (P< 0.05) cellulolytic bacteria (3.25 × 108v. 4.66 × 108colony-forming units (CFU)/ml) and protozoa (9.04 × 104v. 12.92 × 104cell/ml) colony counts. Proteolytic bacteria (7.01 × 108v. 6.08 × 108CFU/ml) counts, however, were greater in response to oil compared with C (P< 0.05). Among oil treatments, the amount ofButyrivibrio fibrisolvens,Fibrobacter succinogenesandRuminococcus flavefaciensin ruminal fluid was substantially lower (P< 0.05) when L was included. Compared to C, the amount ofRuminococcus albusdecreased by an average of 40% regardless of oil level or type. Overall, the results indicate that some ruminal microorganisms, except proteolytic bacteria, are highly susceptible to dietary unsaturated fatty acids supplementation, particularly when linolenic acid rich oils were fed. Dietary oil effects on ruminal fermentation parameters seemed associated with the profile of ruminal microorganisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soybean oil and linseed oil supplementation affect profiles of ruminal microorganisms in dairy cows

Yang

Wang

et al. 2009

Animal

129

105

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“…Furthermore, 0JUN had a greater concentration of unsaturated fatty acids in the total fat vs. CNTL (Table 2). It is well known that dietary fat, especially unsaturated fatty acids (Pantoja et al, 1994) can reduce organic matter and fiber digestibility, especially with low-quality roughages (White et al, 1958).…”

Section: Animal Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of using ground redberry juniper and dried distillers grains with solubles in lamb feedlot diets: Growth, blood serum, fecal, and wool characteristics1

Whitney¹,

Lupton²,

Muir³

et al. 2014

Journal of Animal Science

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Effects of using ground redberry juniper and dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) in Rambouillet lamb (n = 45) feedlot diets on growth, blood serum, fecal, and wool characteristics were evaluated. In a randomized design study with 2 feeding periods (Period 1 = 64% concentrate diet, 35 d; Period 2 = 85% concentrate diet, 56 d), lambs were individually fed 5 isonitrogenous diets: a control diet (CNTL) that contained oat hay but not DDGS or juniper or DDGS-based diets in which 0 (0JUN), 33 (33JUN), 66 (66JUN), or 100% (100JUN) of the oat hay was replaced by juniper. During Period 1, lambs fed CNTL had greater (P < 0.05) DMI and ADG and tended to have greater (P < 0.10) G:F than lambs fed 0JUN or lambs fed DDGS-based diets. Lamb DMI, ADG, and G:F quadratically increased (P < 0.008) as juniper increased in the DDGS-based diets. During Period 2, lambs fed CNTL had greater (P < 0.05) DMI than lambs fed 0JUN or lambs fed DDGS-based diets, but ADG was similar (P > 0.41). Compared to 0JUN, lambs fed CNTL had similar (P = 0.12) G:F and tended to have less G:F (P = 0.07) than lambs fed DDGS-based diets. Among lambs fed DDGS-based diets, DMI was similar (P > 0.19), ADG increased linearly (P = 0.03), and G:F tended to decrease quadratically (P = 0.06) as juniper increased in the diet. Serum IGF-1, serum urea N (SUN), and fecal N were greater (P < 0.05) and serum Ca and P and fecal P were similar (P > 0.13) for lambs fed CNTL vs. lambs fed DDGS-based diets (CNTL). Within lambs fed DDGS-based diets, SUN increased quadratically (P = 0.01) and fecal N increased linearly (P = 0.004), which can partially be attributed to increased dietary urea and condensed tannin intake. Most wool characteristics were not affected, but wool growth per kilogram of BW decreased quadratically (P = 0.04) as percentage of juniper increased in the DDGS-based diets. When evaluating the entire 91-d feeding trial, results indicated that replacing all of the ground oat hay with ground juniper leaves and stems in lamb growing and finishing diets is not detrimental to animal performance and that DDGS-based diets can reduce total feedlot costs, as compared to sorghum grain and cottonseed meal-based diets. However, compared to using juniper or oat hay as the sole roughage source, using both during the growing period (Period 1) enhanced growth performance and further reduced total feedlot costs.

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“…Although compensatory digestion may occur in the hind gut, the total tract digestion is still affected (Czerkawski, 1973;Devendra and Lewis, 1974b;0rskov et aI., 1978;Conrad, 1978, 1980;Van der Honing et al, 1981Sutton et al, 1983;Tamminga et al, 1983;Jenkins and Fotouhi, 1990), leading to increased fecal excretion of fiber (Brooks et aI., 1954;Palmquist and Jenkins, 1980). White et al (1958) suggested microbial inhibition as the major Data from . White et al (1958) suggested microbial inhibition as the major Data from .…”

Section: Fat Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem

Hobson¹,

Stewart²

1997

347

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Effect of Supplemental Fat on Digestion and the Ruminal Calcium Requirement of Sheep2

Cited by 51 publications

References 0 publications

Soybean oil and linseed oil supplementation affect profiles of ruminal microorganisms in dairy cows

Soybean oil and linseed oil supplementation affect profiles of ruminal microorganisms in dairy cows

Effects of using ground redberry juniper and dried distillers grains with solubles in lamb feedlot diets: Growth, blood serum, fecal, and wool characteristics1

The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem

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