Effect of superficial velocity on liquid injectivity in SAG foam EOR. Part 2: Modelling

Gong, Jiakun; Martinez, Wendy Flores; Vincent-Bonnieu, S.; Bahrim, Ridhwan Zhafri Kamarul; Mamat, Che A Nasser Bakri Che; Tewari, Raj Deo; Amir, Mohammad; Farajzadeh, R.; Rossen, W.R.

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118302

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…We assume that the fractional flow curve (figure 3 a ) is unchanged in forward and reverse flow. Even this is by no means certain however, since liquid invading a body of gas might cause a significant part of the gas to become trapped [61,62]. What we will discover however is that even assuming the same fractional flow curve, forward and reverse flow do not lead to the same mobility, since the system can select different saturations (and hence different mobilities) according to whether flow is forward or reversed.…”

Section: Governing Equations and Illustrative Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling foam improved oil recovery: towards a formulation of pressure-driven growth with flow reversal

Eneotu

Grassia

2020

Proc. R. Soc. A.

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The pressure-driven growth model that describes the two-dimensional (2-D) propagation of a foam through an oil reservoir is considered as a model for surfactant-alternating-gas improved oil recovery. The model assumes a region of low mobility, finely textured foam at the foam front where injected gas meets liquid. The net pressure driving the foam is assumed to reduce suddenly at a specific time. Parts of the foam front, deep down near the bottom of the front, must then backtrack, reversing their flow direction. Equations for one-dimensional fractional flow, underlying 2-D pressure-driven growth, are solved via the method of characteristics. In a diagram of position versus time, the backtracking front has a complex double fan structure, with two distinct characteristic fans interacting. One of these characteristic fans is a reflection of a fan already present in forward flow mode. The second fan however only appears upon flow reversal. Both fans contribute to the flow’s Darcy pressure drop, the balance of the pressure drop shifting over time from the first fan to the second. The implications for 2-D pressure-driven growth are that the foam front has even lower mobility in reverse flow mode than it had in the original forward flow case.

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Section: Governing Equations and Illustrative Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling foam improved oil recovery: towards a formulation of pressure-driven growth with flow reversal

Eneotu

Grassia

2020

Proc. R. Soc. A.

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“…Injection of cold, noncondensable gas with associated additives into producers to achieve the purpose of decreasing water invasion, developed by Alberta Oil Sands Technology Research Authority (AOSTRA), was patented in 1985 as Anti Water Coning Technology (AWACT) . Noncondensable gas injection into an oil reservoir with bottom water has been observed as an effective antiwater invasion method to extend a production well’s economic life. − It has been found that nitrogen has good expansibility and compressibility, which can effectively supply the formation energy. Compared with other measures, nitrogen injection is the most economical and rational method because nitrogen, as an inert gas, is a major component of air.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 31 Noncondensable gas injection into an oil reservoir with bottom water has been observed as an effective antiwater invasion method to extend a production well’s economic life. 31 − 34 It has been found that nitrogen has good expansibility and compressibility, which can effectively supply the formation energy. Compared with other measures, nitrogen injection is the most economical and rational method because nitrogen, as an inert gas, is a major component of air.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macro- and Microanalysis on Noncondensable Gas Antiwater Invasion in a Bottom Water Reservoir with a Rupturable Interlayer

et al. 2022

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Developing a bottom-water reservoir with rupturable interlayers is a significant challenge. This paper used a 2D visualization model to study the seepage characteristics of gas–water in two phases during noncondensable gas antiwater invasion. On this basis, the mechanisms of antiwater invasion and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) were summarized. The results show that bottom water advances from the crack of the interlayer to the oil layer, leading to a profile of radial flow. The major swept area occupies the scope near the horizontal well and the oil layer’s middle part. Therefore, a lot of remaining oil distributes beside the crack of the interlayer. Noncondensable gas preferentially flows into the water-swept area due to a lower seepage resistance. Under gravity differentiation, the dispersed gas displaces the invaded bottom water downward, inhibiting water from invading and increasing the oil production rate. These studies provide practical guidance for analyzing bottom-water invading processes and designing suitable measures to develop such reservoirs.

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On the injectivity estimation in foam EOR

Quinelato

Paula

Igreja

et al. 2022

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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In this work, we study injectivity issues caused by the use of the Peaceman equation in the numerical simulation of chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes aimed at reducing fluid mobility, such as foam injection, on coarse grids. Employing analytical solutions, we demonstrate that the Peaceman equation, commonly applied to mathematical modeling of the injectivity in commercial simulators, leads to errors of more than two orders of magnitude in the injection well pressure drop when the foam flow effects near the well are considered for assuming homogeneous mobility in a coarse-well block. To circumvent this issue, we investigate numerical treatments focused on the grid of well blocks through local grid partitioning strategies (radial and Cartesian) to improve the injection well bottom-hole pressure (BHP) estimation. This methodology does not change the input data nor the injectivity model characteristics of the commercial simulator. It does not significantly affect the computational cost of the simulation, since the grid treatment occurs only in the blocks containing the wells. Thus, the radial and Cartesian grid partitioning for the well block are compared using the STARS simulator. Our results show the clear capability of the methodology to reduce the well BHP overestimation, mitigating the errors caused by the Peaceman equation. Indeed, in some simulated scenarios, the BHP overestimation was reduced a hundredfold after applying the partitioning technique. Furthermore, we discuss the choice of simulation parameters leading to more accurate and numerically stable results.

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Effect of superficial velocity on liquid injectivity in SAG foam EOR. Part 2: Modelling

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

Modelling foam improved oil recovery: towards a formulation of pressure-driven growth with flow reversal

Modelling foam improved oil recovery: towards a formulation of pressure-driven growth with flow reversal

Macro- and Microanalysis on Noncondensable Gas Antiwater Invasion in a Bottom Water Reservoir with a Rupturable Interlayer

On the injectivity estimation in foam EOR

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