Effect of sulphide inclusions in a commercial stainless steel on the nucleation of corrosion pits

Smialowski, M.; Szklarska‐Śmiałowska, Z.; Rychcik, M.; Szummer, A.

doi:10.1016/s0010-938x(69)80048-x

Cited by 101 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…For stainless steels, MnS inclusions are known to act as the initiation sites of pitting in chloride-containing environments. [2][3][4][5][6][7] It was expected that the higher pitting corrosion resistance of the carburized stainless steel is closely related to the electrochemical property of the MnS inclusions and the steel matrix around the inclusions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microelectrochemical Aspects of Interstitial Carbon in Type 304 Stainless Steel: Improving Pitting Resistance at MnS Inclusion

Chiba

Shibukawa

Muto

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Type 304 stainless steel was subjected to low-temperature carburizing treatment to add excess interstitial carbon to its surface. The average carbon concentration in the carburized layer was ca. 2.6 mass%, and the lattice parameter was expanded by ca. 2.5% without any carbide precipitation. No pitting was initiated on the carburized stainless steel in 0.1 M NaCl. Microscopic polarization measurements of a small area with a MnS inclusion were performed in NaCl and Na 2 SO 4 solutions to clarify the mechanism of the improved resistance against pitting corrosion. The anodic polarization in 0.1 M NaCl and 0.1 M Na 2 SO 4 demonstrated that the carburizing treatment has little or no effect on the electrochemical dissolution behavior of the MnS inclusions. However, from the anodic polarization of the steel in the solution that simulates the vicinity of the dissolved MnS inclusions in chloride-containing environments, it was clarified that the carburizing treatment inhibits the active dissolution rate of the steel matrix to about one hundredth. It would appear that interstitial carbon inhibits the dissolution rate of the steel, resulting in a reduction in the dissolution depth of the trenches at the MnS/steel boundaries. It is likely that the carburization resulted in a suppression of both the acidification due to the hydrolysis reaction of Cr 3+ and the potential decrease due to IR-drop in the trenches to the extent that the corrosivity inside the trenches is insufficient for the localized transition from the passive to active state. Therefore, pit initiation does not occur at the MnS inclusions on the carburized stainless steel in chloride-containing environments. Stainless steels suffer from pitting corrosion in chloride-containing environments.1 Sulfide inclusions, such as MnS, are known to act as the initiation sites of pitting on stainless steels.2-7 MnS inclusions dissolve electrochemically in the passive region of stainless steels, causing the pit initiation on the steels in near-neutral chloride-containing environments. [8][9][10][11][12][13] It has been proposed that the dissolution products of the MnS inclusions play an important role in pit initiation.12,14 The dissolution of MnS inclusions produces many types of sulfur-containing species; Lott et al. 15 proposed that thiosulfate ion (S 2 O 3 2− ) is produced, and Webb et al. 16 In previous work, we studied the pit initiation behavior at the MnS inclusions in stainless steels. The pit initiation mechanism was found to be as follows [21][22][23] : 1) the dissolution of MnS inclusions in chloridecontaining solutions leads to the deposition of elemental sulfur on and around the inclusions; 2) the synergistic effect of the elemental sulfur and chloride ions causes the dissolution of the stainless steel matrix at the MnS/steel boundaries, resulting in the formation of trenches; 3) the hydrolysis reaction of Cr 3+ released from the steel matrix dissolution decreases the pH in the trenches, and at the same time, the electrode potential at the bottom of the trenche...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microelectrochemical Aspects of Interstitial Carbon in Type 304 Stainless Steel: Improving Pitting Resistance at MnS Inclusion

Chiba

Shibukawa

Muto

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…[5][6][7][8][9] Metallurgical effects that increased tensile or localized internal stress on the microscopic level have also been shown to increase pit density. 10 '" In the present work, pit 12^The "w" subscript indicates that the silicon carbide is in the form of whiskers.…”

Section: Recent Work By Paciej and Agarwala Has Shown That Exteriormentioning

confidence: 99%

Pit Morphology of Aluminum Alloy and Silicon Carbide/Aluminum Alloy Metal Matrix Composites

Trzaskoma

1990

CORROSION

122

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“…9, mixed oxide-sulfide inclusions identified by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) are observed in the weld metal. Smialowski et al [43], Ke [44] and Alkire [45] have proved that the sulfide in inclusions plays a critical role in pit initiation. A surface topography SEM image of HAZ and the adjacent zones after 716 h exposure is depicted in Fig.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Pit Nucleation and Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism-related modelling of pit evaluation in the CrNiMoV steel in simulated environment of low pressure nuclear steam turbine

et al. 2016

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Effect of sulphide inclusions in a commercial stainless steel on the nucleation of corrosion pits

Cited by 101 publications

References 2 publications

Microelectrochemical Aspects of Interstitial Carbon in Type 304 Stainless Steel: Improving Pitting Resistance at MnS Inclusion

Microelectrochemical Aspects of Interstitial Carbon in Type 304 Stainless Steel: Improving Pitting Resistance at MnS Inclusion

Pit Morphology of Aluminum Alloy and Silicon Carbide/Aluminum Alloy Metal Matrix Composites

Mechanism-related modelling of pit evaluation in the CrNiMoV steel in simulated environment of low pressure nuclear steam turbine

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