“…Many studies have examined the associations between mussels and their symbionts. These include investigations of cellular homeostasis (Bebianno et al., ; Berger & Young, ; Company et al., ; Martins et al., ; Nakamura‐Kusakabe et al., ), immune response (Bettencourt et al., , 2010a; Martins et al., ) and metabolites and substrate exchange (Fialamedioni et al., ; Nelson, Hagen, & Edwards, ; Streams, Fisher, & FialaMedioni, ). Previous studies have shown that host mussels can generally transfer and even enrich substances such as methane, oxygen, and hydrogen sulphide from sea water in the gills (Kadar, Davis, & Lobo‐da‐Cunha, ; Ponnudurai et al., ), while symbionts provide nutrition such as amino acids, vitamins and cofactors to the host.…”