“…Here, the resulting substrate profile depends on the pressure and abrasive properties of the abrasive medium [62]. Meanwhile, chemical substrate profiling is achieved by etching the substrate using appropriate etchants, such as Murakami's reagent or Caro's solution [68]. Nevertheless, the profiling method to be adopted depends on the type of substrate.…”
Section: Substrate Preparationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, irrespective of the profiling method, the emphasis is laid on producing a homogenous surface profile with minimal surface flaws such as microcracks [35]. More so, care should be taken to avoid inducing additional residual stresses on the substrate, as it has a detrimental effect on the coating adhesion [68]. While microblasting techniques induce more residual stresses on the substrate than other profiling techniques, mechanical profiling is more prone to generating surface flaws on the substrate [7,70].…”
Section: Substrate Preparationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…More so, it also increases the number of nucleation sites, facilitating the coating's growth [66]. However, an excessively rough substrate profile (up to an average roughness (R a ) >10 µm) could result in coatings with a nonuniform thickness [68]. This is usually accompanied by an increase in the R a of the coatings, which has been reported to negatively impact their tribological performance [71].…”
Section: Effect Of Substrate Profiling On the Properties Of Cae-pvd C...mentioning
In the realm of industries focused on tribology, such as the machining industry, among others, the primary objective has been tribological performance enhancement, given its substantial impact on production cost. Amid the variety of tribological enhancement techniques, cathodic arc evaporation physical vapour deposition (CAE-PVD) coatings have emerged as a promising solution offering both tribological performance enhancement and cost-effectiveness. This review article aims to systematically present the subject of CAE-PVD coatings in light of the tribological performance enhancement. It commences with a comprehensive discussion on substrate preparation, emphasizing the significant effect of substrate roughness on the coating properties and the ensuing tribological performance. The literature analysis conducted revealed that optimum tribological performance could be achieved with an average roughness (Ra) of 0.1 µm. Subsequently, the article explores the CAE-PVD process and the coating’s microstructural evolution with emphasis on advances in macroparticles (MPs) formation and reduction. Further discussions are provided on the characterization of the coatings’ microstructural, mechanical, electrochemical and tribological properties. Most importantly, crucial analytical discussions highlighting the impact of deposition parameters namely: arc current, temperature and substrate bias on the coating properties are also provided. The examination of the analyzed literature revealed that the optimum tribological performance can be attained with a 70 to 100 A arc current, a substrate bias ranging from −100 to −200 V and a deposition temperature exceeding 300 °C. The article further explores advancements in coating doping, monolayer and multilayer coating architectures of CAE-PVD coatings. Finally, invaluable recommendations for future exploration by prospective researchers to further enrich the field of study are also provided.
“…Here, the resulting substrate profile depends on the pressure and abrasive properties of the abrasive medium [62]. Meanwhile, chemical substrate profiling is achieved by etching the substrate using appropriate etchants, such as Murakami's reagent or Caro's solution [68]. Nevertheless, the profiling method to be adopted depends on the type of substrate.…”
Section: Substrate Preparationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, irrespective of the profiling method, the emphasis is laid on producing a homogenous surface profile with minimal surface flaws such as microcracks [35]. More so, care should be taken to avoid inducing additional residual stresses on the substrate, as it has a detrimental effect on the coating adhesion [68]. While microblasting techniques induce more residual stresses on the substrate than other profiling techniques, mechanical profiling is more prone to generating surface flaws on the substrate [7,70].…”
Section: Substrate Preparationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…More so, it also increases the number of nucleation sites, facilitating the coating's growth [66]. However, an excessively rough substrate profile (up to an average roughness (R a ) >10 µm) could result in coatings with a nonuniform thickness [68]. This is usually accompanied by an increase in the R a of the coatings, which has been reported to negatively impact their tribological performance [71].…”
Section: Effect Of Substrate Profiling On the Properties Of Cae-pvd C...mentioning
In the realm of industries focused on tribology, such as the machining industry, among others, the primary objective has been tribological performance enhancement, given its substantial impact on production cost. Amid the variety of tribological enhancement techniques, cathodic arc evaporation physical vapour deposition (CAE-PVD) coatings have emerged as a promising solution offering both tribological performance enhancement and cost-effectiveness. This review article aims to systematically present the subject of CAE-PVD coatings in light of the tribological performance enhancement. It commences with a comprehensive discussion on substrate preparation, emphasizing the significant effect of substrate roughness on the coating properties and the ensuing tribological performance. The literature analysis conducted revealed that optimum tribological performance could be achieved with an average roughness (Ra) of 0.1 µm. Subsequently, the article explores the CAE-PVD process and the coating’s microstructural evolution with emphasis on advances in macroparticles (MPs) formation and reduction. Further discussions are provided on the characterization of the coatings’ microstructural, mechanical, electrochemical and tribological properties. Most importantly, crucial analytical discussions highlighting the impact of deposition parameters namely: arc current, temperature and substrate bias on the coating properties are also provided. The examination of the analyzed literature revealed that the optimum tribological performance can be attained with a 70 to 100 A arc current, a substrate bias ranging from −100 to −200 V and a deposition temperature exceeding 300 °C. The article further explores advancements in coating doping, monolayer and multilayer coating architectures of CAE-PVD coatings. Finally, invaluable recommendations for future exploration by prospective researchers to further enrich the field of study are also provided.
“…Preparing CrAlN solid lubricant coatings on the surface of Si 3 N 4 bearings can extend bearing service life (Cardoso et al , 2018; Prabakaran and Thambu, 2017). The wear resistance of the CrAlN coatings depends on the process parameters (Ling et al , 2022). Consequently, substantial care has been paid to the effect of process parameters on the properties of CrAlN coatings.…”
Purpose
Preparing CrAlN coatings on the surface of silicon nitride bearings can improve their service life in oil-free lubrication. This paper aims to match the optimal process parameters for preparing CrAlN coatings on silicon nitride surfaces, and reveal the microscopic mechanism of process parameter influence on coating wear resistance.
Design/methodology/approach
This study used molecular dynamics to analyze how process parameters affected the nucleation density, micromorphology, densification and internal stress of CrAlN coatings. An orthogonal test method was used to examine how deposition time, substrate temperature, nitrogen-argon flow rate and sputtering power impacted the wear resistance of CrAlN coatings under dry friction conditions.
Findings
Nucleation density, micromorphology, densification and internal stress have a significant influence on the surface morphology and wear resistance of CrAlN coatings. The process parameters for better wear resistance of the CrAlN coatings were at a deposition time of 120 min, a substrate temperature of 573 K, a nitrogen-argon flow rate of 1:1 and a sputtering power of 160 W.
Originality/value
Simulation analysis and experimental results of this paper can provide data to assist in setting process parameters for applying CrAlN coatings to silicon nitride bearings.
“…Among the various types of techniques available for the production of gas-sensitive films for sensor fabrication, the physical vapor deposition (PVD) method is a fairly common and advanced technique by which it is possible to obtain not only amorphous, polycrystalline, or single-crystalline materials but also composite gas-sensitive structures. − E-beam and magnetron DC/RF deposition methods belonging to the PVD group are relatively cheap, controllable, and common systems capable of transitioning from small-scale laboratory production to large-scale manufacturing. ,, …”
Hydrogen peroxide is widely used in medical and industrial applications, and the rapid detection of low concentrations of its vapor is considered to be a major challenge. In this study, we have successfully implemented the fabrication of an MWCNTs/ Fe 2 O 3 :ZnO chemoresistive sensor for hydrogen peroxide vapor (HPV) detection using RF magnetron sputtering and electron-beam deposition methods. The material properties of the MWCNTs/ Fe 2 O 3 :ZnO structure were characterized in detail using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) elementary analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The HPV sensing performances of the sensors were investigated in the temperature range 25−250 °C with and without ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Sensor response values ranged from 35 to 1043 and from 7.3 to 198 at operating temperatures of 100 °C (without UV irradiation) and 150 °C (with UV irradiation), respectively, in the HPV concentration range of 1.5−22 ppm. Therefore, the Fe 2 O 3 :ZnO material decorated with MWCNTs is a promising candidate for integration into real-life HPV detection systems.
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