Formaldehyde
(FA) is a deleterious C1 pollutant commonly found
in the interiors of modern buildings. C1 chemicals are generally more
toxic than the corresponding C2 chemicals, but the selective discrimination
of C1 and C2 chemicals using simple sensory systems is usually challenging.
Here, we report the selective detection of FA vapor using a chemiresistive
sensor array composed of modified hydroxylamine salts (MHAs, ArCH2ONH2·HCl) and single-walled carbon nanotubes
(SWCNT). By screening 32 types of MHAs, we have identified an ideal
sensor array that exhibits a characteristic response pattern for FA.
Thus, trace FA (0.02–0.05 ppm in air) can be clearly discriminated
from the corresponding C2 chemical, acetaldehyde (AA). This system
has been extended to discriminate methanol (C1) from ethanol (C2)
in combination with the catalytic conversion of these alcohols to
their corresponding aldehydes. Our system offers portable and reliable
chemical sensors that discriminate the subtle differences between
C1 and C2 chemicals, enabling advanced environmental monitoring and
healthcare applications.