Effect of substance P on thyrotropin secretion from the pituitary gland in the rat

Arisawa, Masayoshi; Snyder, Gary D.; McCann, Samuel M.

doi:10.1016/0196-9781(89)90110-1

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Substance P may regulate the secretion of pituitary hormones either by acting directly on the pituitary level or indirectly on the hypothalamus. Substance P positively regulates growth hormone (Kato et al, 1976), thyrotrophin (Arisawa et al, 1989), and arginine vasopressin release (Chowdrey et al, 1990), and inhibits adrenocorticotrophin secretion (Chowdrey et al, 1990).…”

Section: Materials and Methods Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substance P and neurokinin A variations throughout the rat estrous cycle; comparison with ovariectomized and male rats: I. Plasma, hypothalamus, anterior and posterior pituitary

Duval

Lenoir

Moussaoui³

et al. 1996

J. Neurosci. Res.

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The concentrations of Substance P and Neurokinin A were measured in plasma, and the hypothalamo‐pituitary complex of 4‐day‐cycling female, ovariectomized and male rats. Estrous cycle‐related fluctuations were recorded for these two neurokinins. The patterns of plasma concentrations of Substance P and Neurokinin A, however, were not similar throughout the rat estrous cycle. The plasma concentration of Substance P increased on proestrus at 19.00 hr, while Neurokinin A decreased. The plasma concentration of Substance P was positively correlated with plasma 17β‐estradiol levels. In the ovariectomized rat, the absence of ovarian steroids led to low levels of plasma Neurokinin A, but the plasma concentration of Substance P did not show any change as compared to the estrous cycle. In the male rat, a similar observation was made in the presence of a testosterone environment. The largest variations in tissue concentration of both peptides were observed in the anterior pituitary. Substance P and Neurokinin A contents were higher throughout the proestrous day than the 3 other days. However, the level fell at 18.00 hr on proestrus, and there were similar falls in the hypothalamic contents of Substance P and Neurokinin A at 19.00 hr. In the ovariectomized rat, with no gonadal steroids, the hypothalamic and/or anterior pituitary levels of Substance P were in the same range as during the estrous cycle. However, the hypothalamic levels of Neurokinin A were lower and Neurokinin A was undetectable in the anterior pituitary. Substance P and Neurokinin A concentrations in the posterior pituitary were stable throughout the estrous cycle, with the exception of rises for both peptides on estrous day. Substance P levels were much lower in ovariectomized and male rats. These results describe large fluctuations in hypothalamic and pituitary Substance P and Neurokinin A contents through the estrous cycle in the female rat. They also strongly suggest the involvement of gonadal steroids in the differential regulation of Substance P and Neurokinin A in the female and male rat. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Section: Materials and Methods Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substance P and neurokinin A variations throughout the rat estrous cycle; comparison with ovariectomized and male rats: I. Plasma, hypothalamus, anterior and posterior pituitary

Duval

Lenoir

Moussaoui³

et al. 1996

J. Neurosci. Res.

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“…For instance, it could act on lactotrophs because SP may locally induce PRL secretion (18,19,22,27). On the other hand, perhaps SP serves an autocrine role, acting on the same cell types that synthesis and secrete it, and, in fact, effects of SP on GH and TSH secretion have been documented (18,19,24,28). Vasoactive intestinal peptide has been shown to have such an autocrine function, being secreted from and acting on lactotrophs to induce PRL secretion (42).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SP has been shown to alter either basal or stimulated release of all classic pituitary hormones in a variety of in vivo (18-28) and in vitro (21,22,24,25,28,29) studies. Enhancement of prolactin (PRL) secretion is perhaps the best documented of the SP effects on pituitary function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We recently showed that this differential gonadal steroid regulation of SP occurs directly by altering expression of SP mRNAs in the pituitary (4). These effects, along with evidence demonstrating that thyroid status can regulate SP expression in the AP (13-17), suggest that SP is a hormonally regulated link in the regulation of pituitary secretion.SP has been shown to alter either basal or stimulated release of all classic pituitary hormones in a variety of in vivo (18-28) and in vitro (21,22,24,25,28,29) studies. Enhancement of prolactin (PRL) secretion is perhaps the best documented of the SP effects on pituitary function.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Sexually dimorphic distribution of substance P in specific anterior pituitary cell populations.

Brown

Roth

Krause

1991

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Substance P (SP) immunoreactivity is detectable in the rat pituitary by RIA; however, immunollization has been difficult. We used a sensitive immunogold silverenhancement staining technique to cytochemically locate SP in the gland. SP-lmmunoreactive (SP-ir) cells were seen in anterior pituitary (AP), and occasional SP-ir fibers and terminals were seen in both AP and posterior pituitary. Coloalization studies showed the vast majority of SP-ir cells in the male AP to be also immunoreactive for growth hormone (GH). These GH/SP-ir cells represent -23% ofthe somatotroph population in the male. SP-ir cells did not colocalize with lactotrophs, gonadotrophs, or corticotrophs; however, rare thyroidstimulating hormone/SP-ir cells were found in the male AP. Comparisons of pituitaries from males and females revealed that females have 70% fewer SP-Ir cells and that only =%6% of the somatotrophs in the female express SP. This sexual dimorphism is diminished in 6-day ovariectomized rats because this treatment increases the GH/SP-ir cell population 3-fold. This result suggests that the previously reported estrogen-induced decrease in SP gene and peptide expression in the pituitary occurs, at least in part, in a subpopulation of somatotrophs. To test this hypothesis, distribution of SP-ir cells was examined in pituitaries from estrogen-and oil-treated ovariectomized rats. Estrogen reduced the percentage of somatotrophs with SP immunoreactivity by 70% compared with ovariectomized oiltreated controls, indicating that estrogen most likely regulates SP levels in the pituitary by acting on a subpopulation of somatotrophs to suppress SP expression. Estrogen does not appear to alter SP immunoreactiviy that is detected in the additional population of SP cells that colocalize with thyroidstimulating hormone. These SP-expressing thyrotrophs were seen 6-fold more frequently in the female than in the male pituitary, regardless of steroid status. These studies reveal that males have more total SP-ir cells in the AP than do females and that there is a sexually dimorphic pattern of SP distribution in the gland. Males have a higher percentage of SP-ir GH cells, whereas females have more SP-ir thyrotrophs than do males. Identification of independently regulated SP-ir somatotroph and thyrotroph populations provides a basis for investigating the roles of SP in autocrine or paracrine regulation of pituitary hormone secretion.Substance P (SP) immunoreactivity has been detected in the rat anterior pituitary (AP) by RIA (1-4) and by immunohistochemistry in several species (5-12), and SP may act as a local modulator of pituitary function. Northern (RNA) blot and nuclease-protection analyses of RNA isolated from rat APs have revealed the presence of SP-encoding mRNAs in the gland (4, 13, 14), indicating that cells within the AP synthesize SP. Furthermore, SP content in the AP is regulated by gonadal steroids: androgens increase and estrogen decreases pituitary SP levels (2-4), resulting in a sexual dimorphism, such that males have a higher SP co...

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“…While Mitsuma and Nogimori (23) found a decrease in serum TSH and a blockade of TRH-or cold exposure-induced TSH-release when SP was injected intravenously into male rats, Arisawa et al (24,25) found no effect in vivo when SP was injected either intravenously or into the third cerebral ventricule, or in vitro when the peptide was added to the medium for dispersed anterior pituitary cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between substance P and gastrin-releasing peptide on thyrotropin secretion by rat pituitary in vitro

Moura

Santos

et al. 1999

Braz J Med Biol Res

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The effect of substance P (SP) on thyrotropin (TSH) secretion is controversial. In this study we evaluated the effect of SP on TSH secretion by hemipituitaries of 3-month-old Wistar rats in vitro and its interaction with gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) at equimolar concentrations (1 µM and 10 µM). TSH release was measured under basal conditions and 30 min after incubation in the absence or presence of SP, GRP or both peptides. Pituitary TSH content was also measured in the pituitary homogenate after incubation. SP at both concentrations caused a significant (P<0.05) increase in TSH secretion compared with all other groups, which was approximately 60% (1 µM) and 85% (10 µM) higher than that of the control group (23.3 ± 3.0 ng/ml). GRP at the lower concentration did not produce a statistically significant change in TSH secretion, whereas at the concentration of 10 µM it produced a 50% reduction in TSH. GRP co-incubated with substance P completely blocked the stimulatory effect of SP at both concentrations. Pituitary TSH content decreased in the SP-treated group compared to controls (0.75 ± 0.03 µg/hemipituitary) at the same proportion as the increase in TSH secretion, and this effect was also blocked when GRP and SP were co-incubated. In conclusion, in an in vitro system, SP increased TSH secretion acting directly at the pituitary level and this effect was blocked by GRP, suggesting that GRP is more potent than SP on TSH secretion, and that this inhibitory effect could be the predominant effect in vivo.

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Effect of substance P on thyrotropin secretion from the pituitary gland in the rat

Cited by 14 publications

References 18 publications

Substance P and neurokinin A variations throughout the rat estrous cycle; comparison with ovariectomized and male rats: I. Plasma, hypothalamus, anterior and posterior pituitary

Substance P and neurokinin A variations throughout the rat estrous cycle; comparison with ovariectomized and male rats: I. Plasma, hypothalamus, anterior and posterior pituitary

Sexually dimorphic distribution of substance P in specific anterior pituitary cell populations.

Interaction between substance P and gastrin-releasing peptide on thyrotropin secretion by rat pituitary in vitro

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