Effect of Sublethal Concentrations of Endosulfan on Growth and Fecundity of Two Species of Snails

Bohannon

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

2019

In the present study, the effects of short-term methoxychlor exposure on the viability, reproduction, and locomotor behavior of adult seminole ramshorn snails (Planorbella duryi) was assessed. To examine impacts on viability and behavior, individuals were exposed to a water control, vehicle control, or 12.5, 50, 100, 250, 500, or 1000 μg/L of methoxychlor for 48 h; and differences in mortality and locomotor behavior assessed using the freely available ToxTrac software. To determine impacts on reproduction, pairs of snails were exposed to a vehicle control and 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 250 μg/L of methoxychlor for 9 d; and the number of clutches and eggs laid quantified every 24 h. Methoxychlor concentrations in treatments were determined using gas chromatography. Complete mortality was observed in the 500 μg/L and 1000 μg/L treatments after 48 h and in the 250 μg/L treatment after 9 d. Decreases in the number of egg clutches were observed in all treatments, and the number of eggs laid decreased starting in the 25 μg/L treatment. Decreases in average speed, mobile speed, and total distance traveled, as well as a significant increase in frozen events, were also observed. Our results suggest that methoxychlor exposure causes detrimental effects on several nonlethal endpoints in a nonmodel aquatic invertebrate species and that the analysis of locomotor behaviors serves as a reliable, sensitive endpoint for ecotoxicology testing.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Impacts of Methoxychlor Exposure on the Viability, Reproduction, and Locomotor Behavior of the Seminole Ramshorn Snail (Planorbella duryi)

Bohannon

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

2019

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

“…Replacement of the dead individuals with new previously unexposed individuals may have resulted in underestimation of the inhibition on predation in the high concentration treatments. Due to its effect on the nervous system (Ellis-Tabanor and Hyslop 2005 ) and enzyme activity (Tripathi and Verma 2004 ), endosulfan affects physiological and metabolic functions in organisms. One such effect is the inhibition of the activity of phagocytic cells, which renders the organism less able to defend itself against disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies have documented the toxicity of endosulfan to aquatic organisms including tadpoles, snails, and fish (Ellis-Tabanor and Hyslop 2005 ; Jones et al 2009 ; Agbohessi et al 2014 ). These effects can be direct on the organism’s health by affecting the animal’s physiological function or indirect by affecting trophic interactions such as competition and predation (Schäfer et al 2011 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Endosulfan on Predator–Prey Interactions Between Catfish and Schistosoma Host Snails

Monde

Syampungani

Brink

2016

The effect of the pesticide endosulfan on predator–prey interactions between catfish and Schistosoma host snails was assessed in static tank experiments. Hybrid catfish (Clarias gariepinus × C. ngamensis) and Bulinus globosus were subjected to various endosulfan concentrations including an untreated control. The 48- and 96-h LC50 values for catfish were 1.0 and <0.5 µg/L, respectively, whereas the 48- and 96-h LC50 values for snails were 1137 and 810 µg/L. To assess sublethal effects on the feeding of the catfish on B. globosus, endosulfan concentrations between 0.03 and 1.0 µg/L were used. Predation was significantly greater (p < 0.001) in control tanks than in all other treatments. There was progressively decreasing predation with increasing toxicant concentration. Biological control of Schistosoma host snails using fish may be affected in endosulfan-polluted aquatic systems of Southern Africa because it has been found present at concentrations that are indicated to cause lethal effects on the evaluated hybrid catfish and to inhibit the predation of snails by this hybrid catfish.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00244-016-0275-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences

“…granifera is known to retain hatchlings in the brood pouch in the presence of toxicants (Ellis-Tabanor and Hyslop, 2005). It is possible that the release of hatchlings was reduced by the parent snails because the alkaloids posed some degree of risk to the survival of the hatchlings ( Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactivity of the Alkaloids, Norharman and L-N-Methylcrotonosine/Linearisine

Ellis-Tabanor¹,

Robinson²,

Hyslop³

2015

Abstract:The toxic effects of the alkaloids, Norharman and a mixture of L-N-Methylcrotonosine/Linearisine (M/L mixture), on two organisms, Gambusia puncticulata and Veronicella sloanei were determined. The effect of the alkaloids on the fecundity of Thiara granifera was also investigated. Norharman was harmless to G. puncticulata but the M/L mixture inflicted 55.5% mortality on fish populations. The alkaloids had narcotizing, repellent and anti-feedant effects on V. sloanei. The M/L mixture suppressed the development of hatchlings in the brood pouches of T. granifera. Norharman and the M/L mixture reduced the number of hatchlings released from the brood pouches of T. granifera by 60 and 40%, respectively.