Effect of Sub-Surface Drainage System on Soil Chemical Properties and Yield of Rice Crop at Head Region of Tungabhadra Command Area

Abstract

Studies on subsurface drainage were carried out on silty clay and clay soils in Gundur village from 2015 to 2016. The mean pH of samples ranged from 8.16 to 8.35 before sowing and 8.21 to 8.41 after harvesting and before sowing the electrical conductivity ranged from 10.92 to 14.65 dS m -1 and 9.28 to 13.68 dS m -1 after harvesting. Similarly, the Ca 2+ +Mg 2+ and Na + values were in the range of 34.01 to 37.14 and 10.47 to 12.89 Meq/100g before sowing of crops, after harvesting of the crops results obtained were in range of 33.34 to 36.92, 10.92 to 12.16 Meq/100g of soil. The ESP values were in the range of 15.11 to 17.74 before sowing and 13.86 to 16.69 after harvesting of crop. A glance at results reveals that pH was observed to be increased due to sodic nature of soil and excess application of the fertilizer. ESP was noticed to be reduced in smaller amount as compared to pre-sowing conditions, gypsum needed to be applied in required amount in order to turn the soil from sodicity to non-sodic soils. Finally, the yield was observed to be increased as 52.50 q ha -1 as compared to pre drainage conditions of 38.50 q ha -1 .

Characterization of drain discharge from subsurface drainage system with 60 m lateral spacing in saline Vertisols of Tungabhadra command area

“…Among collected water samples analyzed from manhole, about 50 percent samples are safe and remaining 50% are of unsafe for irrigation respectively. Mallika (2017) [8] however reported generally zero RSC of drain discharge waters at different villages viz., Chagabhavi (tail region of TLBC), Gundur (head region of TLBC) and Mallapur village (Middle region of TLBC) during kharif 2015 and 2016. With one-time sampling, Prasanna et al (2011) [13] and Kumar (2014) [7] reported that the RSC values of the majority surface/stream/bore well water samples were under good category (<1.25 me L -1 ) indicating feasibility for irrigation purpose.…”

“…The drain discharge or drainage water outflow varied from 0.75 to 1.21 mm day -1 with a mean value of 0.94 mm day -1 . Mallika (2017) [8] reported the average drain discharge during kharif 2015 and 2016 ranged from 0.08 to 0.75, 0.11 to 0.85, 0.12 to 0.99, mm d -1 in the M1 (60 m spacing), M2 (50 m spacing), M3 (40 m spacing), respectively at Mallapur village (Middle region of TLBC) site. Similarly, at Chagabhavi village (Tail region of TLBC), the drain discharge varied from 0.19 to 1.22, 0.18 to 1.18 and 0.20 to 1.28 and mm d -1 in 60, 50 and 40 m spacing respectively.…”

Performance assessment of subsurface drainage systems in the Harran Plain of the South‐East Anatolian region of Turkey

“…PA studies have shown that subsurface drainage systems reduce soil reactions and soil salinity (Shrikanta et al, 2019), collectors are under extreme pressure in the Nile delta during summer months (Rashed et al, 2004), and salt-affected soil improves of its hydraulic conductivities (Mallika et al, 2019). Malota and Senzanje (2016) reported that the drainage design criteria of three different drainage applications in a drainage system were lower than the applied design levels, and the observed average water table depth and drainage discharge were unsatisfactory.…”

“…PA studies have shown that subsurface drainage systems reduce soil reactions and soil salinity (Shrikanta et al, 2019), collectors are under extreme pressure in the Nile delta during summer months (Rashed et al, 2004), and salt‐affected soil improves of its hydraulic conductivities (Mallika et al, 2019).…”