Effect of Sub-lethal Concentrations of Endosulfan on Phagocytic and Hematological Parameters in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Girón-Pérez, Manuel Iván; Montes-López, M.; García-Ramírez, L. A.; Romero-Bañuelos, Carlos Alberto; Robledo-Marenco, M.L.

doi:10.1007/s00128-008-9358-0

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…This agrees with Girón-Pérez et al (2008) who reported decreased phagocytic activity. Akhtar et al (2010) also reported decreased phagocytic activity, increased A/G ratio, increased cortisol and reduced survival in response to bacterial challenge (17 % less than control).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Lipotropes promote immunobiochemical plasticity and protect fish against low-dose pesticide-induced oxidative stress

Muthappa

Gupta

Yengkokpam

et al. 2014

Cell Stress and Chaperones

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An experiment was conducted to evaluate the role of different lipotropes in modulating immunity and biochemical plasticity under conditions of sublethal low-dose pesticide-induced stress in fish. Labeo rohita fish fingerlings were divided in two sets with one set of fish continuously exposed to low-dose endosulfan (1/10th of 96-h LC 50 ) for 21 days, the other was unexposed, and both sets of fish were fed with practical diets supplemented with either 2 % lecithin, 0.5 % betaine, or 0.1 % choline and compared against unsupplemented diet. Low-dose endosulfan exposure had adverse effects (P<0.05/P<0.01) on hematological profile (erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit), serum protein (total protein, albumin, and globulin) and lipid profile (cholesterol and triglyceride), anti-oxidative status (ascorbic acid content of muscle, liver, brain, and kidney and activity of anti-oxidative enzymes: catalase and superoxide dismutase), neurotransmission (acetylcholinesterase activity in muscle and brain), immunological attributes (WBC count, albumin to globulin ratio, phagocytic activity, and serum cortisol), and metabolic plasticity as revealed from enzyme activities (muscle lactate dehydrogenase, liver and kidney glucose-6-phosphatase dehydrogenase-G6PDH activity). Dietary lipotropes prevented these effects completely or partially and the effects were lipotrope dependent. Kinetics (maximum velocity value V max , catalytic efficiency and Michaelis constant K m ) of G6PDH enzyme from crude extracts of liver and kidney indicated inhibition due to endosulfan but lipotropes could protect enzyme and showed a stabilizing effect. The supplements also helped maintain integrity of histoarchitecture of the hepatocytes in endosulfan-exposed fish to a great extent. Feeding lipotropes to fish reared in endosulfan-free water also improved hematological and serum protein and lipid profiles and were immunostimulatory. In conclusion, dietary lipotropes, especially betaine and lecithin at the levels used, improve erythropoiesis, serum protein and lipid profile, anti-oxidant status, immunocompetence, neurotransmission, and protect the livers of L. rohita fingerlings even when continuously exposed to low-dose endosulfan.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Lipotropes promote immunobiochemical plasticity and protect fish against low-dose pesticide-induced oxidative stress

Muthappa

Gupta

Yengkokpam

et al. 2014

Cell Stress and Chaperones

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“…For instance, exposure to sublethal concentrations of this pesticide significantly diminished the phagocytic activity in Nile tilapia (Girón-Pérez et al 2008) and leukocytes count in M. albus (Hii et al 2007). By contrast, we observed a significant increase in WBC of endosulfan exposed P. lineatus, which evidences immunostimulation.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

Responses of Biochemical Markers in the Fish Prochilodus lineatus Exposed to a Commercial Formulation of Endosulfan

Bacchetta

Cazenave

Parma

2010

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Among the most extensively used compounds for the pest control in Argentinean crops is the organochlorine endosulfan. The sublethal effects of the commercial endosulfan formulation on hematology and lipid peroxidation (LPO) of the neotropical fish Prochilodus lineatus were investigated. Firstly, we calculated acute toxicity (LC 50 ) in order to define sublethal concentrations (0, 1.2, and 2.4 μg L −1 ). Hematological and oxidative stress responses were assessed at 24, 48, and 96 h. Endosulfan exposure significantly diminished the hemoglobin concentration, mean cell hemoglobin, and total plasma protein and increased white blood cells count and plasma glucose after 96 h. Exposed fish showed an alteration of the differential leukocytes count, evidenced by more thrombocytes and monocytes and less lymphocytes and neutrophils. Endosulfan increased LPO levels in intestine, liver, and brain in both sublethal concentrations. The present results suggest that endosulfan produces biochemical and physiological alterations, including immunological disorders, and it is a good inductor of oxidative stress in P. lineatus.

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“…This in turn might have caused a functional reduction in the vitamin C content in both the tissues thereby exposing them for possible cell injury. The significance of the haematological status of an organism as a biological indicator was established, and various haematological parameters were shown as very sensitive to pesticides toxicity (Luskova 1996;Petri et al 2006;Girón-Pérez et al 2008). The haemoglobin content in our short-term study significantly decreased by 15.5% within 12 h of endosulfan exposure and then further by 25.8% after 24 h of exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Endosulfan is highly toxic to fish and shellfish (Petri et al 2006). It can cause severe depression of the fish immune system and consequently increase their susceptibility to infection (Jenkins et al 2003;Girón-Pérez et al 2008). Auffret et al (2006) reported alterations of the immunological parameters (total haemocyte counts, lysosomal stability and phagocytosis) in mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis, collected from chemically contaminated sites and suggested immunosuppressive conditions in contaminated mussels.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Acute and chronic effects of endosulfan on the haemato-immunological and histopathological responses of a threatened freshwater fish, spotted murrel, Channa punctatus

Sarma

Pal

Sahu

et al. 2011

Fish Physiol Biochem

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Two experiments, one short-term and one long-term, were conducted to elucidate the acute and chronic effects, respectively, of endosulfan exposure on the haemato-immunological and histopathological responses of Channa puncatatus. In the short-term study, fish were exposed to sublethal endosulfan (8.1 μg l(-1)) for 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 h. In the long-term study, fish were fed with normal diet and simultaneously either exposed to endosulfan (1.2 μg l(-1)) for 90 days or not. Results showed that the ascorbic acid levels in both the liver and the muscle decreased significantly (P < 0.05) by acute and chronic endosulfan exposure. The haemoglobin (Hb) level reduced significantly (P < 0.05) by 15.5% within 12 h of acute endosulfan exposure, further decreased by 25.8% after 24 h of exposure, however, thereafter the values increased and at the end of 72 h returned to normal levels. Almost similar trend was observed for the erythrocyte (RBC) count. The WBC count and the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) value showed a general increasing trend with increase in the duration of acute endosulfan exposure. The chronic exposure of C. punctatus to endosulfan significantly (P < 0.05) lowered the Hb level, RBC and WBC counts, NBT reduction value and the plasma parameters such as plasma protein, albumin (A) and globulin (G) compared with that of the control (except for A/G ratio). Endosulfan exposure also severely altered the liver histological structure. Overall results indicated that both short-term acute and long-term chronic endosulfan exposure had a significant impact on the haemato-immunological parameters and tissue histopathology of C. punctatus.

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Effect of Sub-lethal Concentrations of Endosulfan on Phagocytic and Hematological Parameters in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Cited by 24 publications

References 15 publications

Lipotropes promote immunobiochemical plasticity and protect fish against low-dose pesticide-induced oxidative stress

Lipotropes promote immunobiochemical plasticity and protect fish against low-dose pesticide-induced oxidative stress

Responses of Biochemical Markers in the Fish Prochilodus lineatus Exposed to a Commercial Formulation of Endosulfan

Acute and chronic effects of endosulfan on the haemato-immunological and histopathological responses of a threatened freshwater fish, spotted murrel, Channa punctatus

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