Effect of sub-acute oral cyanide administration in rats: Protective efficacy of alpha-ketoglutarate and sodium thiosulfate

Tulsawani, Rajkumar; Debnath, Mousumi; Pant, S. C.; Kumar, Om; Prakash, Anand O.; Vijayaraghavan, R.; Bhattacharya, Rahul

doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2005.05.001

Cited by 36 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Cyanide concentrates in erythrocytes through binding to methemoglobin and cause hypothyroidism that leads to goiter (Kamalu and Agharanya, 1991;Elsaid and Elkomy 2006). Subacute oral administration of cyanide in rats produced changes in several biochemical indices and pathology in various organs (Tulswani et al, 2005).…”

Section: Cyanide Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 97%

Modification by Aqueous Extracts of Allium kurrat L. and Ricinus communis L. of Cyanide Nephrotoxicity on Balb/C Mice

Elsaid¹

2012

Oxidative Stress - Environmental Induction and Dietary Antioxidants

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Section: Cyanide Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 97%

Modification by Aqueous Extracts of Allium kurrat L. and Ricinus communis L. of Cyanide Nephrotoxicity on Balb/C Mice

Elsaid¹

2012

Oxidative Stress - Environmental Induction and Dietary Antioxidants

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“…Previous studies had implicated hydrogen cyanide, in cassava diets, in the development of glandular and organ lesions such as thyroiditis, goiters, pancreatitis, renal and hepatic malfunctions in susceptible organisms (Madukosiri, 2013;Amar et al, 2006;Tulsawani et al, 2005). Toxicity syndromes includes Histotoxic ataxia ascribed to inactivation of the tissue enzyme -cytochrome oxidase by hydrogen cyanide which combines with the Fe 3+ /Fe 2+ component of the enzyme (Tulsawani et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Toxicity syndromes includes Histotoxic ataxia ascribed to inactivation of the tissue enzyme -cytochrome oxidase by hydrogen cyanide which combines with the Fe 3+ /Fe 2+ component of the enzyme (Tulsawani et al, 2005). Others are respiratory problems resulting from inhibition of copper /zinc enzyme -carbonic anhydrase by the toxicant, hydrogen cyanide (E.P.A., 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2017

IJAPR

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Information on the toxicity of cassava-cyanide and of the side effects of treatment-diets on haematological parameter is scarce and had not been fully assessed. The indispensability of such data is obvious in regions where anaemia is rampant, particularly among the female population. The present study investigates haematological and biochemical profile of female Wistar rats fed Manihot esculenta-based diets and ameliorative effects of the treatment diets fortified with Malus domestica and Moringa oleifera. Twenty four (24) rats aged 9 to 12 weeks and weighing between 126.05±2.08 -192.75±1.58g were randomised into 3 groups with 8 rats per group, and fed ad libitum with heat-treated cassava-cyanide diets for 28 day, after seven days acclimatization in control feed and climate condition. Full blood count was done using Automated Analyser; while the serum glucose, cholesterol, creatinine, and protein were measured spectrophotometrically. Results of haemoglobin (Hb) together with other haematological findings indicated the presence of microcytic hypochromic anaemia among the experimental rats. Higher values of cholesterol, glucose, and lower levels of serum protein were obtained from the test rats than those of the control and treatment animals and so support the toxicity effects of the cassava-cyanide. The comparatively higher Hb, serum protein and lower cholesterol concentration in the treatment group as against those of the test rats were positive indication of the ameliorative potential of the plant agents.

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“…Extensive research efforts have been expended to develop a-ketoglutarate (a-KG) as an effective oral treatment for cyanide poisoning (Bhattacharya, 2004;Bhattacharya & Tulsawani, 2008;Tulsawani et al, 2005). Cyanide detoxification by a-KG has been attributed to interaction of its carbonyl moiety with electrophilic cyanide ion to form cyanohydrin complex (Norris et al, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated stability and bioassay of a new oralα-ketoglutarate formulation for treating cyanide poisoning

Bhattacharya

Gopalan

Singh

et al. 2013

Pharmaceutical Biology

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Context: Due to several limitations of existing cyanide antidotes, a-ketoglutarate (a-KG) has been proposed as a promising treatment for cyanide. Objective: This study reports the accelerated stability and bioassay of a new oral a-KG formulation. Materials and methods: Amber-colored PVDF bottles containing 100 ml of 10% a-KG in 70% sorbitol, preservative (sodium methyl paraben and sodium propyl paraben), sweetener (sodium saccharine), flavor (American ice-cream soda and peppermint) and color (tartrazine), at pH 7.0-8.0 were stored in stability chamber (40 AE 2 C and 75 AE 5% humidity) for 6 months in a GMP compliant facility. Various physical (pH, color, evaporation, extractable volume and clarity), chemical (identification and quantification of active ingredient) and microbiological (total aerobic count) analyses, together with protection studies were carried periodically in mice. Acute toxicity of the formulation and bioavailability of a-KG were assessed in rats at the beginning of the experiment. Results: No physical changes and microbiological growth were observed in the formulation. After 6 months, a-KG content in the formulation diminished by $24% but its protective efficacy against cyanide remained at 5.9-fold. Protection was further characterized spectrophotometrically by disappearance of a-KG spectrum in the presence of cyanide, confirming cyanohydrin formation. Oral LD 50 of a-KG formulation in rats was 47.0 g/kg body weight, and did not produce any acute toxicity of clinical significance. Also, an appreciable amount of a-KG was measured in blood. Conclusion: As per the guidelines of International Conference on Harmonization, the new a-KG formulation exhibited satisfactory stability, bioefficacy and safety as cyanide antidote.

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Effect of sub-acute oral cyanide administration in rats: Protective efficacy of alpha-ketoglutarate and sodium thiosulfate

Cited by 36 publications

References 32 publications

Modification by Aqueous Extracts of Allium kurrat L. and Ricinus communis L. of Cyanide Nephrotoxicity on Balb/C Mice

Modification by Aqueous Extracts of Allium kurrat L. and Ricinus communis L. of Cyanide Nephrotoxicity on Balb/C Mice

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Accelerated stability and bioassay of a new oralα-ketoglutarate formulation for treating cyanide poisoning

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