Effect of Structural Composition and Position of Occlusion on the Legibility of Occluded Chinese Characters

Tsao, Yung-Chin; Liao, Ching-Chih

doi:10.2466/24.27.pms.120v13x6

Cited by 5 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…In previous pilot study results , Tsao & Liao (2015) found that when a character is occluded on top, bottom, right, and left positions by 2/9 proportion on each, it is not only recognizable but has the most obvious occlusion effect. Accordingly, 2/9 occlusion was applied on all four sides of each character, generating four samples for each of all nine selected Chinese characters, comprising the 36 samples shown in the left-hand columns of Table 1.…”

Section: Producing the Stimulus Materialsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Thus, this exploration on how far characters can be simplified and still retain reading recognition is undertaken. In related studies, the author of this paper (Liao, 2018;Tsao & Liao, 2015) also discovered that when Chinese characters composed of two and three radicals are partially occluded at appropriate positions, it does not affect recognition. This corresponds to the viewpoints of recognition by components theory and object simplification (Biederman, 1981(Biederman, , 1987.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Factors Influencing Reading Preference for Occluded Single Composition Structure Characters

2020

Proceedings of the 14 Th International Conference on Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction 2020 and 13 Th International Con

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Past studies have discovered that that occlusion on the right (top-right, bottom-right) or on the bottom yields faster recognition time and higher reading accuracy for Chinese characters composed of two or three radicals, regardless of vertical or horizontal arrangement, or occluding one or two sides. In order to investigate whether occlusion of single composition structure characters, in the absence of accompanying parts, would yield similar recognition results, this pilot study was undertaken. Given the hypothesis that different positions of occlusion applied to numerals and Chinese characters would yield different reading preference results, this research selected nine each of Chinese characters and Arabic numerals, occluding each at the top, bottom, left, and right, comprising 72 samples. Coming from design and non-design education backgrounds, 160 participants were recruited to investigate how and why they would rank the modes of occlusion for preference. Using nonparametric tests to analyze the experimental results revealed a significant difference among the occlusion position for numbers and Chinese characters. Chinese characters occluded on the left were most preferred, those with right occlusion least. Numbers occluded on the bottom were most preferred, those with right occlusion least. The primary reason given for preference, for both Chinese characters and numbers, was ease of recognition and visual balance. The main reason for not preferring either occluded Chinese characters or numbers was that they were not easily recognized, seemed unbalanced and non-aesthetically pleasing. Regarding differing education background of the participants, there was significant difference for the Chinese characters occluded at the top and bottom, and non-significant difference for reading preference of occluded numerals.

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Section: Producing the Stimulus Materialsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Factors Influencing Reading Preference for Occluded Single Composition Structure Characters

2020

Proceedings of the 14 Th International Conference on Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction 2020 and 13 Th International Con

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show abstract

“…Moreover, Wang (2009, 2010) suggested that, in terms of the preference for image degradation, nondesigners prefer concrete images more than designers do. Tsao and Liao (2015) demonstrated that design majors and nondesign majors do not exhibit significant differences in accuracy and response time for recognizing single-sided occluded Chinese characters. It is, therefore, valuable to extend this work to study how design educational status influences recognition responses for double-sided occluded Chinese characters and to compare the results with those of Tsao and Liao (2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Tsao and Liao (2015) demonstrated that design majors and nondesign majors do not exhibit significant differences in accuracy and response time for recognizing single-sided occluded Chinese characters. It is, therefore, valuable to extend this work to study how design educational status influences recognition responses for double-sided occluded Chinese characters and to compare the results with those of Tsao and Liao (2015). Such comparisons might be beneficial to designers for understanding viewer differences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Yan et al (2011) explored the influence of stroke order on Chinese character recognition and argue that a character with occluded initial strokes is the most difficult to recognize. Tsao and Liao (2015) suggested that recognition is relatively accurate for characters for which the main identifiable key radicals (or initial strokes) or components (i.e., combination of strokes) are visible. In addition, the optimal proportion of occlusion is 2 / 9 of the length on each side of the character.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Double-Sided Occluded Chinese Character Recognition Accuracy and Response Time for Design and Nondesign Educational Background

Liao

2018

Sage Open

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This article investigates the influence of the position of occlusion, structural composition, and design educational status on Chinese character recognition accuracy and response time. Tsao and Liao conducted an experiment using 18 of the 4,000 most commonly used Chinese characters and suggested that the primary and secondary recognition features of a “single-sided” occluded Chinese character are the key radical (or initial strokes) and the key component (i.e., combination of strokes), respectively. The study concluded that right-side occluded characters require a shorter response time and yield more accurate recognition and that educational background does not significantly affect recognition accuracy and response time. The present study considered the same 18 Chinese characters and extended the work of Tsao and Liao by exploring accuracy rate and response time in design and nondesign educational groups for the recognition of “double-sided” occluded Chinese characters. The experimental results indicated that right-side occlusion (including both bottom-right and top-right occlusion) requires a shorter response time and yields more accurate recognition than left-side occlusion. These results agree with those of Tsao and Liao, who found that the key radical of a Chinese character is its key visual recognition feature. Even double-sided occlusion of Chinese characters does not affect the recognition outcome if the position of occlusion does not blur the key radical. Moreover, the participants majoring in design recognized the occluded Chinese characters more slowly than those with no educational background in design.

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Evaluating Effects of Continuous Occlusion on Visual Letter Identification

Fan,

Lyu,

Lyu

et al. 2024

International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction

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Effect of Structural Composition and Position of Occlusion on the Legibility of Occluded Chinese Characters

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Factors Influencing Reading Preference for Occluded Single Composition Structure Characters

Factors Influencing Reading Preference for Occluded Single Composition Structure Characters

Double-Sided Occluded Chinese Character Recognition Accuracy and Response Time for Design and Nondesign Educational Background

Evaluating Effects of Continuous Occlusion on Visual Letter Identification

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