Effect of strontium in combination with fluoride on enamel remineralisation in vitro

Strontium effects on root dentin tubule occlusion and nanomechanical properties

“…Pan suggested nucleation of strontium-substituted apatite is easier than biological hydroxyapatite in neutral pH and strontium apatite can work as a template for apatite formation [44]. A work on demineralized enamel showed strontium significantly improved remineralization with fluoride [21]. In our study, remineralization of the dentin matrix seemed to be accelerated by strontium, thus leading to the recovery of mechanical properties.…”

“…Strontium can substitute for Ca in hydroxyapatite to form Sr-Ca-hydroxyapatite [15,17,18,20]. This substitution can occur naturally in our daily acidic food consumption with the presence of strontium [19,42] or be induced in dental calcified tissues [15,21] or synthesized [20,43,44] in various strontium/calcium ratios. Synthesized strontium apatite has been reported to demonstrate higher solubility than hydroxyapatite, and the solubility increases with greater strontium substitution (strontium ratio) [43,44].…”

“…For low-carbonated apatite, strontium and fluoride together improved the property but fluoride alone did not improve crystallinity. Thuy et al showed co-presence of appropriate levels of fluoride and strontium showed synergistic effects in remineralizing artificial enamel lesions [21]. These findings are the foundation of using strontium salts in remineralizing tooth paste [22,23].…”

Ion exchanges between glass-ionomer restorative material and primary teeth components-an in vivo study

“…Strontium is added to glass-ionomer materials to confer radiopacity, but studies indicate that it may have a caries inhibitory role on both Streptccocuso mutans and Actinomyces viscosus, and its' effect may be more significant than that of fluorine [20], although Dabsie and associates [21] claimed that strontium alone showed no antibacterial effect when used as solution of strontium chloride hexahydrate directly on known bacterial inoculation for a short time of 5 minutes. Addition of strontium to fluoride in vitro resulted in an increased protection of enamel against fermentation attack by Streptococcus sobrinus [22] and in a significant enhancement of enamel remineralization in vitro, suggesting an interaction between fluoride and strontium when used in conjunction [23]. Exposure of enamel to strontium chloride solution in vitro reduced the loss of calcium from intact teeth or carious teeth by half when exposed to lactic acid, with no effect on enamel hardness [24].…”

Three-year clinical evaluation of posterior composite restorations placed with a single-step self-etch adhesive

“…Silicate and fluoride are strong inducers of remineralization of the tooth substrate (28). Strontium and fluoride also increase the acid resistance of teeth by converting hydroxyapatite to strontium apatite and fluorapatite (29). S-PRG fillers exert a modulation effect that neutralizes the pH of the surrounding environment after contact with acidic solutions (30).…”