Effect of strength training on sleep apnea severity in the elderly: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Silva, Roberto Pacheco da; Martinez, Dênis; López, Pedro; Cadore, Eduardo Lusa

doi:10.1186/s13063-017-2238-3

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Regarding the state of the muscle assessed, one article mentioned letting the test subject perform three maximum contractions of the muscle assessed before measurement [65]. Two studies had the test subjects being relaxed for 15 min, one to allow fluid shifts to stabilize [72], the other to avoid muscle contraction-induced fluid shifts and muscle blood flow during the measurements [73]. The latter, therefore, also specified to have done all ultrasound measurement before any functional testing.…”

Section: Patient Positioning Pre-investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Rectus femoris was assessed in supine position in full extension [65,68,72,[76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86], with knees at 10° [87][88][89], in semi-Fowler position [90][91][92]. It was assessed in sitting position with hips and knees at 90° [66,93] and with hips at 90° and knees at 60° [94].…”

Section: Upper Leg Musclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lastly, it was also assessed standing [95,96]. • Vastus lateralis was assessed in supine position in full extension [72,78,84,85,89,[97][98][99][100][101], with knees at 10° [88], with legs at 50° [71] and with knee angle at 115° and hip angle at 140° [102]. It was assessed lying in the non-dominant side with knees at 10° lateralis [87].…”

Section: Upper Leg Musclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Vastus medialis was assessed in supine position in full extension [72,84,104]. • Vastus intermedius was assessed in supine position in full extension [72,[76][77][78][79]84] and in semi-Fowler position [90]. It was assessed in sitting position with hips at 90° and knees at 60° [94].…”

Section: Upper Leg Musclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is expressed in gray scales (0-255). Some studies used a gray scale analysis for determining the echo intensity [72,119]. Different programs were used for this analysis, which came down to post-producing the images.…”

Section: Components and Measuring Pointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of ultrasound for muscle assessment in sarcopenia: towards standardized measurements

et al. 2018

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Purpose Measurement of muscle mass is paramount in the screening and diagnosis of sarcopenia. Besides muscle quantity however, also quality assessment is important. Ultrasonography (US) has the advantage over dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and bio-impedance analysis (BIA) to give both quantitative and qualitative information on muscle. However, before its use in clinical practice, several methodological aspects still need to be addressed. Both standardization in measurement techniques and the availability of reference values are currently lacking. This review aims to provide an evidence-based standardization of assessing appendicular muscle with the use of US. Methods A systematic review was performed for ultrasonography to assess muscle in older people. Pubmed, SCOPUS and Web of Sciences were searched. All articles regarding the use of US in assessing appendicular muscle were used. Description of US-specific parameters and localization of the measurement were retrieved. Results Through this process, five items of muscle assessment were identified in the evaluated articles: thickness, crosssectional area, echogenicity, fascicle length and pennation angle. Different techniques for measurement and location of measurement used were noted, as also the different muscles in which this was evaluated. Then, a translation for a clinical setting in a standardized way was proposed. Conclusions The results of this review provide thus an evidence base for an ultrasound protocol in the assessment of skeletal muscle. This standardization of measurements is the first step in creating conditions to further test the applicability of US for use on a large scale as a routine assessment and follow-up tool for appendicular muscle.

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Section: Patient Positioning Pre-investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%