Effect of stream microhabitat characteristics on rate of net energy gain by juvenile smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu

Sabo, Matthew J.; Orth, Donald J.; Pert, Edmund J.

doi:10.1007/bf00005019

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In 2008, we saw a considerable overlap in the velocities and depths used by age-0 Atlantic salmon and age-0 smallmouth bass during midsummer months. The influx of age-0 smallmouth bass into study riffles is consistent with those fish selecting foraging habitats that maximize their net energy gain (Sabo et al 1996) while avoiding predation from large smallmouth bass in adjacent pool habitats (Schlosser 1987). The period of high overlap occurred during late July, when streams in Maine typically experience low discharge and high water temperatures.…”

Section: Open Observationssupporting

confidence: 63%

“…The period of high overlap occurred during late July, when streams in Maine typically experience low discharge and high water temperatures. Mean and maximum daily stream temperature during the second set of snorkel observations were 23.0 • C and 25.1 • C, respectively, in the Union River, which exceeds the 16-19 • C optimal temperature range for growth of Atlantic salmon (Murphy 2003) but is within or near the 22-24 • C optimal range for smallmouth bass (Sabo et al 1996;Whitledge et al 2002).…”

Section: Open Observationsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…We observed no significant change in age-0 Atlantic salmon habitat use before and after the introduction of either age-0 smallmouth bass or additional Atlantic salmon and thus did not detect inter-or intraspecific competition for habitat. The lack of response to hetero-and conspecific introductions could have been the result of one or more of the following factors: (1) densities of fish that were insufficient to cause habitat saturation, thus obviating competition for habitat and habitat use shifts (Bult et al 1999); (2) habitat partitioning by age-0 Atlantic salmon and smallmouth bass similar to the natural habitat partitioning by Atlantic salmon and brook trout (Gibson 1973); (3) the inferior competitive abilities of fish at a distinct size disadvantage (Glova 1986); and (4) water temperatures (mean water temperature during snorkel observations was 14.5 • C) that were below the optimal foraging temperature range for smallmouth bass and Atlantic salmon as a result of the timing of the experiment (Sabo et al 1996;Murphy 2003). Many Atlantic salmon and smallmouth bass were observed hiding in interstitial spaces.…”

Section: Controlled Invasionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Adult smallmouth bass occupy deep pool habitats (Walters and Wilson 1996) typically avoided by juvenile Atlantic salmon, suggesting a minimal amount of habitat overlap between these life stages. However, juvenile smallmouth bass are habitat generalists (Sabo and Orth 1994), and age-0 fish maximize their net energy gain by feeding in fast, shallow riffles (Sabo et al 1996) similar to those selected by Atlantic salmon fry and parr (Nislow et al 1998). Simultaneous occupancy of these habitats by juveniles of both species may result in sig-nificant overlap and subsequent competition for habitat, which in stream-dwelling salmonines, translates into competition for food (Chapman 1966).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Habitat Selection and Overlap of Atlantic Salmon and Smallmouth Bass Juveniles in Nursery Streams

Wathen¹,

Coghlan²,

Zydlewski³

et al. 2011

Trans Am Fish Soc

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Introduced smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu have invaded much of the historic freshwater habitat of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in North America, yet little is known about the ecological interactions between the two species. We investigated the possibility of competition for habitat between age‐0 Atlantic salmon and age‐0 and age‐1 smallmouth bass by means of in situ observations and a mesocosm experiment. We used snorkel observation to identify the degree and timing of overlap in habitat use in our in situ observations and to describe habitat shifts by Atlantic salmon in the presence of smallmouth bass in our mesocosm experiments. In late July 2008, we observed substantial overlap in the depths and mean water column velocities used by both species in sympatric in situ conditions and an apparent shift by age‐0 Atlantic salmon to shallower water that coincided with the period of high overlap. In the mesocosm experiments, we detected no overlap or habitat shifts by age‐0 Atlantic salmon in the presence age‐1 smallmouth bass and low overlap and no habitat shifts of Atlantic salmon and age‐0 smallmouth bass in fall 2009. In 2009, summer floods with sustained high flows and low temperatures resulted in the nearly complete reproductive failure of the smallmouth bass in our study streams, and we did not observe a midsummer habitat shift by Atlantic salmon similar to that seen in 2008. Although this prevented us from replicating our 2008 experiments under similar conditions, the virtual year‐class failure of smallmouth bass itself is enlightening. We suggest that future studies incorporate the effects of varying temperature and discharge to determine how abiotic factors affect the interactions between these species and thus mediate the outcomes of potential competition.

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Section: Open Observationssupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Open Observationsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Controlled Invasionmentioning

confidence: 81%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Habitat Selection and Overlap of Atlantic Salmon and Smallmouth Bass Juveniles in Nursery Streams

Wathen¹,

Coghlan²,

Zydlewski³

et al. 2011

Trans Am Fish Soc

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“…Juvenile smallmouth bass are primarily insectivorous after dispersing from the brood, although in some instances small fishes (Cyprinidae and Percidae) may be important (Surber 1941, Lachner 1950, Buynak et al 1982, Angermeier 1985, Livingtone & Rabeni 1991. Laboratory and field investigations (Simonson & Swenson 1990, Sabo et al 1996) support the hypothesis that microhabitat characteristics, in particular current velocity, determine foraging profitability, in juvenile smallmouth bass. Paragamian & Wiley (1987) found that growth of age-0 smallmouth bass was maximized at intermediate streamflows, which presumably altered feeding profitability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Spatial and annual variation in the diets of juvenile smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu

1996

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SynopsisWe measured macroinvertebrate densities and abundance, size, and diet of juvenile smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu, at five sites located at varying distances from a metalimnetic release dam. We used these data to determine the influence of high prey abundances on stomach fullness and age-0 year-class strength. Summer diets of juvenile smallmouth bass (27.7-107.7 mm total length) were dominated by Ephemeroptera (primarily Baetidae) but diet composition was highly variable among years and sites. A linear index of prey selection showed that Ephemeroptera were preferred and Trichoptera were avoided at all sites in all years; but, selection indices were not consistent for Chironomidae or Amphipoda and Isopoda. In two of three years, stomach fullness (gut content mass relative to predicted maximum) of juvenile smallmouth bass decreased with distance downstream of the dam, which reflected patterns observed in benthic macroinvertebrate densities. However, in 1989 when flooding and increased turbidity reduced abundances of juvenile smallmouth bass, no differences in stomach fullness were found among sites. High stomach fullness of juvenile smallmouth bass was attributed to high prey abundances near the dam in years of low or normal streamflow. However, patterns in juvenile smallmouth bass abundances in mid-summer could not be attributed to longitudinal variation in prey abundance. KW KW J KW J KW KW J KW KW KW KW J KW J 0.0063 0.0001

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Centrarchid Identification and Natural History

Warren

2009

Centrarchid Fishes

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The family Ccntrarchidae (Order: Perciformes) is one of the most diverse, widespread, and conspicuous fish families native to freshwater habitats of North America. Aniong endemic fish families of North America, only the North American catfish family (lctaluridae) has more species. The family name, Centrarchidae. refers to the anal fin spines of species in the family, and the common name. sunfishes, to the bright breeding colors displayed by males of some species in the family. Because of their diversity, wide distribution, and economic value, some of the earliest taxonomic descriptions and natural history observations on North American freshwater fishes focused on the centrarchids (e.g., Linnaeus 1758; Lacépède 1801; Rafinesque 1820; Abbott 1870).The family contains 34 extant species classified in eight genera, but morphological and genetic evidence suggests that additional, but currently unrecognized, diversity exists within most of the genera. The most diverse genus. Lepomis. the bream (or panfish) of anglers, is comprised of 13 extant species, but at least 8 of these show evidence of polytypy (e.g.. Bermingham and Avise 1986; Fox 1997;Harris 2005). The genus Micropterus, referred to collectively as black basses (Philipp and Ridgway 2002), contains eight extant species. but again, at least three species are polytypic (e.g., Stark and Echelle 1998;Kassler 2002;Miller 2005). The genera Anthloplites (rock basses). Enoeacaothus (banded sunfishes). and Poo,o.vis (crappies) contain four, three, and two extant species, respectively, and at least one species each of Ambloplites and Enneacaothus is polytypic (Koppelman 2000; T. Darden, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, personal communication). The genera Acantha echos, Archoplites. and Centrorchos are monotypic. but populations of both Acantliarchus poniotis and Archoplites lolerruptus show geographical patterns of morphological divergence (Cashner ci (il. 1989;Moyle 2002).The natural range of extant centrarchids is confined primarily to warm, freshwater habitats in North America east of the western continental divide except for the Sacramento perch (A. interrupius). whose native range is west of the divide in the Central Valley of California (San Joaquin-Sacramento. Pajaro. Salinas river drainages. Moyle 2002). The northern natural continental limit of the family is occupied by members of Leponiis. Ainhiopliles, Poinoxis, and Microptertis in the St. Lawrence River. northern Great Lakes. and southwestern Hudson Bay drainages in eastern Canada (Scott and Ciossman 1973). The Rio Conchos (Rio Grande drainage) (Lepomis) and Rio Soto la Marina (Micmpterus. Miller and Smith 1986;Miller 2005) of northern Mexico delimit the southern continental limits of the native range of extant centrarchids. The Mississippi River Basin and, to a lesser extent, the Gulf and Atlantic Slope drainages harbor the most diverse assemblages of native centrarchids (Warren ci (il. 2000). The native ranges of Po,noxis and Lepomis largely coincide with that of Micropierus, but both exte...

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Effect of stream microhabitat characteristics on rate of net energy gain by juvenile smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu

Cited by 16 publications

References 28 publications

Habitat Selection and Overlap of Atlantic Salmon and Smallmouth Bass Juveniles in Nursery Streams

Habitat Selection and Overlap of Atlantic Salmon and Smallmouth Bass Juveniles in Nursery Streams

Spatial and annual variation in the diets of juvenile smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu

Centrarchid Identification and Natural History

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