“…As a result, the ratio of theoretical to experimental characteristic mass was reduced for several elements, suggesting that atomization efficiency may be lower than previously assumed. Su et al (116) studied characteristic mass, effective stray light, Zeeman rollover absorbance, and Zeeman sensitivity ratio as a function of lamp current and slit width and presented mathematical expressions to describe the relationships of these parameters. It was possible, by taking effective stray light and Zeeman sensitivity ratio into account, to calculate a more precise characteristic mass.…”