Effect of strain and surface composition on Young's modulus of optical fibers

Glaesemann, G. Scott; Gulati, Suresh T.; Helfinstine, J. D.

doi:10.1364/ofc.1988.tug5

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…(2) are the tensile stress σ, Young's modulus E, and the weight α of the quadratic term. In the following, we assume the average values for standard silica optical fibers: E = 72 GPa and α = 6 as obtained experimentally in [12][13][14]. The stress σ(x) at any position x of the tapered fiber is then calculated according to…”

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confidence: 99%

Experimental stress–strain analysis of tapered silica optical fibers with nanofiber waist

Holleis

Hoinkes

Wuttke

et al. 2014

Applied Physics Letters

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We experimentally determine tensile force-elongation diagrams of tapered optical fibers with a nanofiber waist. The tapered optical fibers are produced from standard silica optical fibers using a heat and pull process. Both, the force-elongation data and scanning electron microscope images of the rupture points indicate a brittle material. Despite the small waist radii of only a few hundred nanometers, our experimental data can be fully explained by a nonlinear stress-strain model that relies on material properties of macroscopic silica optical fibers. This is an important asset when it comes to designing miniaturized optical elements as one can rely on the well-founded material characteristics of standard optical fibers. Based on this understanding, we demonstrate a simple and non-destructive technique that allows us to determine the waist radius of the tapered optical fiber. We find excellent agreement with independent scanning electron microscope measurements of the waist radius.Glass fibers are among the most versatile inventions of the last century with applications reaching from fiberreinforced materials as used in construction [1] to optical data transmission in global telecommunication networks [2]. In recent years, so-called tapered optical fibers (TOFs) have received growing attention [3], both as optical components, e.g., for coupling light into microand nano-optical components, for sensing, as well as for the controlled coupling of light and matter at or near the TOF surface [4][5][6][7]. Beyond their optical properties, which have been extensively studied in the past, it is important to understand and control the mechanical properties of these devices for many of these applications.Here, we study the mechanical response of silica TOFs with a nanofiber waist when exposed to tensile stress. Qualitatively, we observe a brittle stress-strain behavior and no constriction of the two fiber ends when the fiber has been ruptured apart. Previous studies on the mechanical properties of such ultra-thin silica structures are divided over the importance of size effects in the nanoscopic domain, e.g., suggesting a decrease or an increase of Young's modulus compared to bulk values [8][9][10][11]. In our study, even for the smallest investigated waist radius of only 160 nm, the recorded stress-strain diagrams match those of macroscopic optical fibers [12][13][14]. As a consequence, in the parameter range considered here, it is justified to assume the well-studied mechanical properties of standard optical fibers when designing nano-optical elements. Based on this understanding, we provide a practical, non-destructive in-situ method to determine the TOF waist radius. The results obtained in this way are in very good agreement with independent radius measurements using a scanning electron microscope.The TOFs we study in our experiments are produced from commercial optical fibers (SM800, Fibercore) using a heat and pull process [15,16]. A schematic of such a cylindrically symmetric TOF is shown in Fig. 1(a). The TOF con...

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confidence: 99%

Experimental stress–strain analysis of tapered silica optical fibers with nanofiber waist

Holleis

Hoinkes

Wuttke

et al. 2014

Applied Physics Letters

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“…In previous studies, Young's modulus of silica fibers were found to be around 73GPa, which is absolutely different from the results mentioned in our study. Moreover, the stress-strain relation of optical fibers was first examined by Mallinder and Proctor [11] and later by Glaesemann et al [12]. They found that the relation between stress and strain of an optical fiber is nonlinear.…”

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confidence: 99%

Study of the mechanical behavior of the optical fiber by a mark-tracking method

Chean

Robin

Abdi

et al. 2010

EPJ Web of Conferences

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Abstract. The mark-tracking method was used in the uniaxial tensile test to determine the elastic properties of optical fibers. The mark-tracking method is based on the followup of two markers on the specimen with the help of an image processing technique. It allows us to determine the true strain with respect to the small strains assumption (e≤1%) or the finite strains (e>1%) without any impact of the rigid solid movement neither pulley fiber sliding on the measured strain. Optical fibers used in this study are commercial Verrillon single mode silica fibers, 125 µm in diameter with a two layers 62.5 µm thick epoxy-acrylate polymer coating. Both as-received optical fiber and stripped fiber were subjected to the uniaxial tensile test and the cantilever beam bending test. The stripped fiber Young's modulus results under both tests were found to be very similar. Thus, the mark-tracking method is adaptable to the tensile test of optical fibers and the elastic behavior of both as-received optical fiber and stripped fiber is found to be linear. Their Young's modulus are 22GPa and 83GPa, respectively. These results revealed that those coatings are playing a mechanical role in the fiber elongation.

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“…11. Moreover, the stress-strain relationship of optical fibers was first examined by Mallinder and Proctor [12] and later by Glaesemann et al [13]. They found that the relation between stress and strain of an optical fiber is nonlinear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%