Effect of Storage Time on Weed Seedling Emergence and Nutrient Release in Cattle Manure

Rupende, E.; Chivinge, O.A.; Mariga, I. K.

doi:10.1017/s0014479798343057

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…The presence and survival of P. aviculare and C. arvensis were not influenced by the type or rate of fertiliser applied (Table 3). Composting did not prompt a significant increase in the presence of these weed species, probably because the compost was mature enough to have eliminated the germinative power of any species it might contain, as was suggested by Rupende et al. (1998) and Ozores‐Hampton et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Fertilisation and weed control effects on yield and weeds in durum wheat grown under rain‐fed conditions in a Mediterranean climate

García-Martín¹,

López‐Bellido²,

Coleto³

2007

Weed Research

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Summary A field study was undertaken to examine the effect of fertiliser type and weed control system on grain yield, yield components and weed population in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum. var. durum) grown in a 4‐year rotation [bare fallow–barley (Hordeum vulgare)–vetch (Vicia sativa)–wheat]. Fertilisation treatments were: no fertilisation, organic fertilisation with 2500 kg ha−1 of compost (sheep manure and cereal straw) and chemical fertilisation with 100–60–60 kg ha−1 of NPK. Weed‐control treatments were: no control, herbicide, harrowing with long‐flex spring tines and strip sowing with inter‐row hoeing. Chemical fertilisation increased grain yield with respect to the other treatments, amongst which no significant differences were noted. Weed‐control systems afforded no improvement in yield compared with controls; indeed, yields obtained using inter‐row hoeing were lower. The weed population consisted of a large variety of species, of which the most important were Convolvulus arvensis and Polygonum aviculare. Application of weed‐control systems reduced weed density. Herbicide was the most effective, reducing weed biomass by 80%, whilst harrowing and hoeing reduced weed biomass by 40% and 52% respectively. Inter‐row hoeing does not appear to be a viable alternative to herbicides, when used as the sole weed control method in a non‐diverse cropping system in Mediterranean climates. The lack of response to compost suggests a need for further long‐term research.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Fertilisation and weed control effects on yield and weeds in durum wheat grown under rain‐fed conditions in a Mediterranean climate

García-Martín¹,

López‐Bellido²,

Coleto³

2007

Weed Research

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“…These strategies include proper housing and storage of manure, adding bedding to both the faeces and urine in the kraals, supplementing the animal feed, composting and proper handling of the manure in the field. Rupende et al (1998) have shown that compositing not only improves the nutrient content, but also kills weed seeds in the manure. These aspects need to receive much attention in order to improve the management of the available manure resources in this challenging agroecosystem.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization and management practices of animal manure for replenishing soil fertility among smallscale crop farmers in semi-arid farming districts of the North West Province, South Africa

Materechera

2010

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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Poor soil fertility is one of the most limiting biophysical factors to agricultural production among smallscale farmers in much of the sub-Saharan Africa, especially the semi-arid areas. In this study, a survey of 200 randomly selected farming households across four districts (Mafikeng, Ditsobotla, Ganyesa and Taung) located in a semi-arid environment of the North West Province in South Africa was conducted to establish the utilisation and management of animal manure for managing soil fertility. The results showed that 66% of the farmers across the districts used animal manure on their crops. The types of manure used were in the order cattle [ sheep = goat [ chicken. Cattle manure was readily available from farmers' own kraal or neighbours. Despite its availability and advantages, chicken manure was seldom used. The rates of manure application were generally low (mean 2.5 tha -1 ) although most farmers (71%) applied it annually. In the majority of cases, manure would be applied to about half (57.5%) of the cropped land every year (average farm size was 5.3 hectares). The manure was mostly broadcasted (76%) on the surface before being ploughed under followed by dollop (53%). The quality of most of the manure resources was relatively poor as it had low N and P but high soil content (mean 22.7%).The study found that farmers have developed local knowledge with regards to criteria for defining manure quality. The criterion, which used physical characteristics such as colour, moisture content and presence of moulds in the manure, was quite consistent across the study districts and points to the possibility of the indigenous knowledge being interfaced with scientific knowledge. The factors which positively influenced farmers' decision to use manure were herd sizes, farming experience, training and availability of manure, extension services and labour. On the other hand, farm sizes negatively affected manure use. It was observed that housing, feeding, storage and handling practices of manure resources was not optimum in most of the study districts and this contributed to loss of nutrients and quality. It is recommended that improved strategies of manure production and handling be adopted by farmers in order to maximise the quality and efficiency of manure utilization. The potential that exists in using chicken manure to supply crop nutrients needs to be explored.

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“…Also, soil pH in salamander refugia was relatively alkaline in our study area (n = 27, mean 7.52, range 5.3-8.9, SD = 1.00; Hasumi et al 2009), and downed logs harboring S. keyserlingii at Darhadyn had alkaline soil with mean pH of 8.56 (n logs = 40, n measurements = 559, range 7.07-9.13, SD = 0.24; M. Hasumi, T. Hongorzul, and M. Nakagawa, unpublished data). We suspect that alkalinity of the water and soil in Mongolian wetlands heavily depends on excrement from a great number of livestock animals, as demonstrated in many agricultural fields with livestock (especially cattle) grazing (e.g., Banik et al 1996;Rupende et al 1998;Kurz et al 2006). This is likely because water pH in site 5 used frequently for watering livestock (mean 10.45, range 10.1-10.7, SD = 0.19), where their excrement might be deposited, was the greatest of six sites examined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal species diversity at a land–water ecotone in Mongolia

2010

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The biodiversity of wetland ecosystems has received scant attention in Mongolia. We measured amphibian and macroinvertebrate species diversity at a complicated land-water ecotone of a pond within a wetland complex in Shaamar during July 2005. From our study area (0.5-ha grassland and an adjacent pond), we sampled 4,926 animals including 1 mammal, 4 amphibian, and 26 aquatic macroinvertebrate ([2 mm) species with a biomass of 4,444 g. Among these, a backswimmer (Notonectidae sp. 1) was a dominant species, representing 65% of the total number of animals collected (3,209) and 22% of the mass (999 g). Our study area was small but contained 4 amphibian species (Hyla japonica, Rana amurensis, Bufo raddei, and Salamandrella keyserlingii) in a mixed community with Shannon Diversity Index (H 0 ) of 1.678 and Pielou's Evenness Index (J 0 ) of 1.211. No larvae or tadpoles of any amphibian species were found in the pond, indicating their early metamorphosis. H 0 and J 0 with 26 macroinvertebrate species were estimated to be 1.828 and 0.561, respectively. This suggests that low macroinvertebrate species diversity relative to high species richness is due to low evenness resulting from considerable numbers of a backswimmer. In 6 sites sampled in the pond, mean water pH revealed high alkalinity (range 9.01-10.45). The presence of our taxa in a highly alkaline environment indicates that they may be alkaliphilic.

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Effect of Storage Time on Weed Seedling Emergence and Nutrient Release in Cattle Manure

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Fertilisation and weed control effects on yield and weeds in durum wheat grown under rain‐fed conditions in a Mediterranean climate

Fertilisation and weed control effects on yield and weeds in durum wheat grown under rain‐fed conditions in a Mediterranean climate

Utilization and management practices of animal manure for replenishing soil fertility among smallscale crop farmers in semi-arid farming districts of the North West Province, South Africa

Animal species diversity at a land–water ecotone in Mongolia

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