Effect of Stone Impacts on Various Ground Engaging Tools (Flexible/Stiff Tines and Coulter): Part I

Abstract

Analysis of the state of knowledge showed a gap in the description of tool–stone feedback. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate tool–stone interactions. Spherical-like silicate stones were hit by stiff and flexible tines with a duckfoot or a coulter. The tools worked with various parameters in the depth range of 0.05–0.10 m and a speed of 0.83–2.22 m·s–1. The characteristics of stone movement were specific to the type of tool and were described by the Numerical Stone Movement Scale developed for the purpose of the research. After the impact with the stiff tine, the stones were thrown the greatest distance of 0.26–1.08 m, and these distances were strongly dependent on the working speed and slightly dependent on the working depth. Large vibrations of the flexible tine and the location of the contact point of the tine in relation to the centre of the stone thickness contributed to the random behaviour of stones that were slightly moved, rotated or displaced. The specific work required to remove the stone reflected the distance travelled by the stone as well as the specific force which largely contributed to increasing the differences in this work between both tines.

Kinetics and Dynamics of the Stiff and Flexible Tines with the Duckfoot and the Coulter after Impact with Stones Embedded in Compacted Soil. Part II

“…The VCO flexible and stiff tines with a 135 mm wide duckfoot and a 10 × 60 mm shaft with a disc of 560 mm in diameter were examined (Figure 1). More detailed information can be found in the first part of the article [14].…”

“…Soil comp was as follow: clay content (<0.002 mm) 2%; silt content (0.002-0.05 mm) 36%; sa tent (>0.05 mm) 62%. Mechanical properties of the soil: angle of internal friction 37 The stones weighing 2.52-4.72 kg, with sphericity of 0.785-0.900 and average density 2831 kg•m −3 [14] were embedded in the soil in 3, 4, or 5 rows in distances 0.50, 0.40, and 0.33 m, respectively for flexible tine, stiff tine, and coulter, respectively, to prevent stone and soil interaction between adjacent tool passes. The distance of the stones between the columns in rows was equal and amounted to 0.80 m (Figure 2).…”