Effect of Sterilization by Dry Heat or Autoclaving on Bacterial Penetration through Berea Sandstone

Jenneman, Gary E.; McInerney, Michael J.; Crocker, M.E.; Knapp, R.M.

doi:10.1128/aem.51.1.39-43.1986

Cited by 44 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The aqueous biomass was significantly attenuated within the pulse interior. Biological processes that could lead to this reduction in aqueous biomass include a reduction in growth in the pulse interior due to oxygen limitations [Jenneman et al, 1985[Jenneman et al, , 1986Reynolds et al, 1989;Sharma et al, 1993] Figure 5c was almost identical to the experimental data, suggesting that the suppression of the electrostatic potential was the dominant process resulting in the decrease in aqueous biomass within the pulse interior.…”

Section: Pre-experimental Modeling Of the Flow Cell Design Showed Thasupporting

confidence: 61%

The influence of physical heterogeneity on microbial degradation and distribution in porous media

Murphy¹,

Ginn²,

Chilakapati³

et al. 1997

Water Resources Research

125

112

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Abstract. Intermediate-scale experiments (meter-long, two-dimensional flow cell) were performed with aerobic biodegradation of benzoate substrate in physically heterogeneous (bimodal inclusive) media. Clastic heterogeneities were represented in a quasi-twodimensional field, with low-conductivity inclusions embedded in a high-conductivity sandy matrix. The two media had similar pore-scale dispersivities but the conductivity ratio (•1:50) incurred macrodispersive spreading in the longitudinal direction. The highconductivity sand was uniformly inoculated with Pseudomonas cepacia sp., and a pulse input of substrate and chloride ion tracer were evaluated. Degradation and growth were oxygen-limited under nonlinear dual-Monod kinetics and controlled by spatial and temporal variations in nutrient flux. The low-conductivity inclusions created regions of slow transport that prolonged the dual availability of both oxygen and substrate, which in turn enhanced microbial growth in these regions. Bacterial detachment was significant, and the fivefold increase in biomass due to growth was entirely accounted for in the aqueous effluent which displayed a complicated nonlinear breakthrough curve. Highresolution deterministic modeling was applied to simulate the intermediate-scale experiment, with parameters of the relevant constitutive relations calibrated independently through batch and small-scale column experiments. Parameter fitting to match flow cell data was avoided. This approach was taken in order both to test the predictive modeling capability as it would necessarily be used in a field application and to avoid the a priori assumption that all relevant processes were adequately represented in the respective constitutive theories. Analyses of the fit between the independently calibrated model and the flow cell data were then used to isolate processes for further experimental study. This iterative experimental/modeling approach identified processes that contributed (surprisingly) to biodegradation in heterogeneous media and yet are not currently incorporated in most mathematical models: (1) buoyancy effects associated with very small solution density variations, amplified in heterogeneous media, and (2) dynamic biological processes associated with growth, namely, endogenous respiration, cell division partitioning to the aqueous phase, and active adhesion/detachment that are strongly coupled to the transport of dissolved nutrients or microorganisms.

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Section: Pre-experimental Modeling Of the Flow Cell Design Showed Thasupporting

confidence: 61%

The influence of physical heterogeneity on microbial degradation and distribution in porous media

Murphy¹,

Ginn²,

Chilakapati³

et al. 1997

Water Resources Research

125

112

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“…Rates measured in this study are slightly faster than previously measured rates, which may be due to autoclaving the minerals before dissolution ( Fig. 4) ( Jenneman et al 1986). Jenneman et al (1986) suggest that autoclaving minerals increases pore size as well as penetrable depth of the mineral surface.…”

Section: Mineral Dissolution Ratessupporting

confidence: 45%

“…4) ( Jenneman et al 1986). Jenneman et al (1986) suggest that autoclaving minerals increases pore size as well as penetrable depth of the mineral surface.…”

Section: Mineral Dissolution Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Organic Compounds on Dissolution of the Phosphate Minerals Chlorapatite, Whitlockite, Merrillite, and Fluorapatite: Implications for Interpreting Past Signatures of Organic Compounds in Rocks, Soils and Sediments

et al. 2018

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Phosphate is an essential nutrient for life on Earth, present in adenosine triphosphate (ATP), deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA), and phospholipid membranes. Phosphorus does not have a significant volatile phase, and its release from minerals is therefore critical to its bioavailability. Organic ligands can enhance phosphate release from minerals relative to release in inorganic solutions, and phosphorus depletion in paleosols has consequently been used as a signature of the presence of ligands secreted by terrestrial organisms on early Earth. We performed batch dissolution experiments of the Mars-relevant phosphate minerals merrillite, whitlockite, chlorapatite, and fluorapatite in solutions containing organic compounds relevant to Mars. We also analyzed these phosphate minerals using the ChemCam laboratory instrument at Los Alamos, providing spectra of end-member phosphate phases that are likely present on the surface of Mars. Phosphate release rates from chlorapatite, whitlockite, and merrillite were enhanced by mellitic, oxalic, succinic, and acetic acids relative to inorganic controls by as much as >35 × . The effects of the organic compounds could be explained by the denticity of the ligand, the strength of the complex formed with calcium, and the solution saturation state. Merrillite, whitlockite, and chlorapatite dissolution rates were more strongly enhanced by acetic and succinic acids relative to inorganic controls (as much as >10 ×) than were fluorapatite dissolution rates (≲2 ×). These results suggest that depletion of phosphate in soils, rocks or sediments on Mars could be a sensitive indicator of the presence of organic compounds.

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“…The colonization of aquifers below the Congaree River (about 50 m below the surface) by the percolation of surface waters would require the movement of bacteria against an upward hydraulic gradient, and the distance from the recharge areas to the deeper aquifers is so large, and the tendency of bacteria to attach to particles is so great, that it is difficult to envision bacterial transport by these mechanisms (27). However, our current and previous studies (18,19,22,26,29) show that, by growth and self-propulsion, bacteria move through consolidated and unconsolidated porous materials at rates greater than 0.1 m/day, which is almost twice the average groundwater velocity reported for the deeper aquifers under the Savannah River plant (27), suggesting that self-propulsion could have played an important role in the colonization of deep aquifers. The fact that microorganisms can grow through porous materials suggests that the constant removal of microorganisms from the groundwater by the filtering action of the porous material may not always occur.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Little information is available on the mechanisms by which bacteria penetrate porous media in the absence of fluid flow. While many physiochemical factors are important for microbial penetration (16,18,19,22,26,29), our work focuses on biological factors that affect transport.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ growth and activity and modes of penetration of Escherichia coli in unconsolidated porous materials

Sharma

McInerney

Knapp

1993

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Statistically reliable data on the in situ rates of growth, substrate consumption, and product formation are required to test the validity of the mathematical models developed for microbially enhanced oil recovery and in situ bioremediation processes. A simple, replicable porous-core system that could be aseptically divided into sections at various times was developed to follow the kinetics of microbial growth and metabolism in situ. This core system was used to study the kinetics of growth and the mode of penetration of strains of Escherichia coli through anaerobic, nutrient-saturated, fine Ottawa sand (permeability of 7.0 p.m2 and porosity of 37%) under static conditions. The in situ rate of growth of a wild-type, motile, chemotactic strain, RW262, was two times slower inside cores than it was in liquid cultures. The mode of metabolism of galactose by strain RW262 was not altered inside cores, as acetate was the only product detected either inside the cores or in liquid cultures. Without applied advective force, strain RW262 grew exponentially and moved through cores at a rate of about 0.1 m/day. The cell population moved through cores in a band-like fashion, as the front of the moving cells consisted of high cell concentrations (greater than 105 cells per ml). Until the breakthrough of the cells occurred, galactose consumption and acetate production were observed only in the proximal sections of the core, showing that the cell propagation preceded the complete depletion of the substrate or the accumulation of large amounts of products. A motile, nonchemotactic strain of E. coli (RP5232) penetrated cores faster than did its chemotactic parental strain (RP437), which can be explained by differences in their mode of growth inside the cores. Unlike the wild-type, chemotactic strain RP437, which grew and moved through cores in a band-like fashion, cells of the nonchemotactic strain moved through cores in a diffuse manner, as the front of the moving cells consisted of low cell concentrations (103 cells per ml). The appearance of nonchemotactic cells in a section of the core was not necessarily followed by an increase in cell concentration in that section with time. For the nonmotile strain RP2912, a high cell density (107 cells per ml) in a section of the core was observed before cells were detected in the next section. This suggested that the transport of nonmotile cells through porous material requires a high cell density and may occur by a physical displacement process in which some of the progeny cells are forced into the less populated regions of the core.

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Effect of Sterilization by Dry Heat or Autoclaving on Bacterial Penetration through Berea Sandstone

Cited by 44 publications

References 11 publications

The influence of physical heterogeneity on microbial degradation and distribution in porous media

The influence of physical heterogeneity on microbial degradation and distribution in porous media

Effects of Organic Compounds on Dissolution of the Phosphate Minerals Chlorapatite, Whitlockite, Merrillite, and Fluorapatite: Implications for Interpreting Past Signatures of Organic Compounds in Rocks, Soils and Sediments

In situ growth and activity and modes of penetration of Escherichia coli in unconsolidated porous materials

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