Effect of stem cover on hydraulic parameters of overland flow

Mu, Hongli; Yu, Xianju; Fu, Suhua; Yu, Bofu; Liu, Yingna; Zhang, Guanghui

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.123964

Cited by 33 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(97 reference statements)

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“…However, the effect of vegetation stem on the relationship between shear stress and sediment transport capacity was strong and the shear stress was not as a good predictor for the sediment transport capacity in the presence of vegetation stem cover. Mu et al (2019b) also showed that the shear stress was not suitable for predicting the sediment transport capacity in the presence of vegetation stem cover. One possible reason for this is that the effect of the roughness due to vegetation stem on the sediment transport capacity cannot be completely explained by the sheer stress, and the rate of sediment transport is mainly controlled by the grain shear stress (Carson, 1987; Einstein, 1950; Meyer‐Peter & Müller, 1948; Singhal, Mohan, & Agrawal, 1980).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, compared to predicting the sediment transport capacity of overland flows on bare land with the shear stress and stream power (Ali et al, 2012; Li et al, 2020; Ni, Feng, Zhang, Wang, & Cai, 2019; Zhang et al, 2009), unit stream power was suitable for predicting the sediment transport capacity of overland flows under vegetation stem cover. The shear stress and stream power were significantly affected by the hydraulic radius, but unit stream power was not significantly affected by the hydraulic radius, the method to calculate the hydraulic radius was complex and the hydraulic radius could not be replaced by the flow depth in the presence of vegetative stem cover (Mu et al, 2019b). Thus, the Equation (21) of this study is easier to use for predicting the transport capacity of overland flows in the presence of vegetation cover.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… a The set I had no stem cover, the set II included the different levels of stem cover, the data of set I and II were from the study of Mu et al (2019a, 2019b), the set III involved stems of different diameters and levels of cover, the set IV involved the different stem arrangements, the data of set IV was from the study of Fu, Mu, Liu, Yu, Zhang, and Liu (2019), sediment transport capacity data of Zhang et al (2011) were collected for five distinct median particle sizes. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Altogether 288 experiments were performed in five data sets of this study (Table 1). The set I was conducted on a bare flume with a layer of sieved sediments as the control (Table 1), and the set II used the Gramineae stems (stem diameter: 2 mm) with eight different covers (1.25%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%) as roughness elements (Table 1; Mu et al, 2019a, 2019b). The set III employed vegetation stem with three different diameters (2, 10, and 36 mm; Table 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Degree of vegetation stem cover, stem diameter, and arrangement all affect hydraulic variables and the sediment transport capacity (Fu, Mu, Liu, Yu, & Liu, 2019; Fu, Mu, Liu, Yu, Zhang, & Liu, 2019; Mu et al, 2019a, 2019b). However, few studies have systematically considered the effect of stem cover, stem diameter, and arrangement on the relationship between hydraulic variables and the sediment transport capacity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predicting the sediment transport capacity from flow condition and particle size in the presence of vegetation cover

et al. 2020

Land Degrad Dev

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The sediment transport capacity plays a pivotal role in erosion research, and is usually predicted using hydraulic variables. The transport capacity and hydraulic variables are affected by vegetation cover. Our understanding of the effect of vegetation cover, including the size, density, and arrangement of vegetation stems, on the relationship between the sediment transport capacity and hydraulic variables were rather limited. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect vegetation stem cover on the relationship between hydraulic variables and the sediment transport capacity and to derive an equation for predicting the sediment transport capacity in the presence of vegetation cover. Five data sets from 288 flume experiments with a wide range of discharge (0.25–2 × 10−3 m3 s−1), slope (8.8–42.3%), median sediment diameter (0.11–1.16 × 10−3 m), stem cover (0–30%), stem diameter (2–36 mm), and stem arrangement (bead, tessellation, zigzag, random, and banding) were compiled for this study. Extensive regression analysis has shown that the sediment transport capacity could be expressed as a power function of flow velocity, shear stress, stream power, or unit stream power. Predictors of the sediment transport capacity were ranked from the unit stream power as the strongest, followed by the stream power, flow velocity, and the shear stress. Vegetation stem cover had no apparent and direct effect on the relationship between hydraulic variables and the sediment transport capacity so long as the unit stream power or stream power was used as its predictor. Vegetation cover became a significant factor only when the shear stress was used to predict the sediment transport capacity. Finally, a new equation involving the slope gradient, flow velocity, and median sediment diameter in a nondimensional form was shown to be a superior predictor of the sediment transport capacity with the Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency of 0.92. The product of slope and flow velocity, that is, the unit stream power, captures the effect of vegetation stem cover and surface roughness and was shown to be an effective predictor of the transport capacity in the presence of vegetation cover.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predicting the sediment transport capacity from flow condition and particle size in the presence of vegetation cover

et al. 2020

Land Degrad Dev

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Correction factor for determining mean velocity of shallow flow on rough surfaces under varying inundation conditions using dye tracer method

Fan

Jia

et al. 2023

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Accurate estimation of mean flow velocity is crucial for hydraulics and soil erosion studies. A correction factor (α) is required to convert flow surface velocity to mean velocity when using the dye tracer method. However, the determination of an appropriate α value is challenging and little information is available about how α varies with progressive inundation conditions, especially for rough surfaces with protruding roughness elements (e.g., stones). Therefore, laboratory experiments were conducted in a flume with sandpaper (SD) and stones (ST) surfaces to investigate the impact of roughness elements on the correction factor with varying inundation conditions. The results showed that using a single α value is inappropriate for rough surfaces. The correction factor was positively correlated with the Reynolds number and is controlled by flow regimes as well. Moreover, the impacts of inundation conditions as well as protruding roughness elements should be taken into account for determining α. Correction factor varied non‐monotonically with inundation ratio, depending on the progressive inundation status of protruding roughness elements. The developed equations introducing the inundation ratio performed well in predicting α, with R2 = 0.86 and NSE = 0.91. The results contribute to our understanding of measuring mean flow velocity using the dye tracer method.

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Hydraulic properties affected by litter and stem cover under overland flow

Ding

Zhao

2021

Hydrological Processes

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Vegetation stems and litter cover have different effects on sediment transport capacity under the same experimental conditions, which in essence, may be due to differences in their hydraulic properties, but the availability of comparative studies is limited. This study aimed to compare the hydraulic properties affected by litter and stem cover, compare differences in the drag forces exerted by litter and stems on overland flow, and develop new Manning's n and flow velocity equations for litter cover. Two series of flume experiments were conducted with the same slope gradients (8.8%, 17.6%, 26.8%) and flow discharge rates (0.5, 1.0 × 10 −3 m 3 s −1). Artificial Gramineae stems with a 0%-30% cover level and Pinus tabulaeformis litter with a 0%-70% cover level were used in series 1 and series 2, respectively. The flow veloc

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Effect of stem cover on hydraulic parameters of overland flow

Cited by 33 publications

References 50 publications

Predicting the sediment transport capacity from flow condition and particle size in the presence of vegetation cover

Predicting the sediment transport capacity from flow condition and particle size in the presence of vegetation cover

Correction factor for determining mean velocity of shallow flow on rough surfaces under varying inundation conditions using dye tracer method

Hydraulic properties affected by litter and stem cover under overland flow

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