Effect of stem basal cover on the sediment transport capacity of overland flows

Mu, Hongli; Yu, Xianju; Fu, Suhua; Yu, Bofu; Liu, Yingna; Zhang, Guanghui

doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.09.055

Cited by 53 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The sediment used for the experiment was sieved sand with a median diameter of 0.35 mm and a density of 2,630 kg m −3 . Measurement of the transport capacity was described in Fu, Mu, Liu, Yu, Zhang, and Liu (2019) and Mu et al (2019a), and the transport capacity was calculated by weight of dry sediment, sampling duration, and flume width. The range of measured sediment transport capacity is shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… a The set I had no stem cover, the set II included the different levels of stem cover, the data of set I and II were from the study of Mu et al (2019a, 2019b), the set III involved stems of different diameters and levels of cover, the set IV involved the different stem arrangements, the data of set IV was from the study of Fu, Mu, Liu, Yu, Zhang, and Liu (2019), sediment transport capacity data of Zhang et al (2011) were collected for five distinct median particle sizes. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sediment transport capacity has also been affected impacted with changes in surface roughness caused by vegetation, rock fragment, and crop residues. Mu et al (2019a) found that the sediment transport capacity decreases as the level of vegetation stem cover increases. The effect of the surface roughness on the sediment transport capacity has been modeled in two different ways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Degree of vegetation stem cover, stem diameter, and arrangement all affect hydraulic variables and the sediment transport capacity (Fu, Mu, Liu, Yu, & Liu, 2019; Fu, Mu, Liu, Yu, Zhang, & Liu, 2019; Mu et al, 2019a, 2019b). However, few studies have systematically considered the effect of stem cover, stem diameter, and arrangement on the relationship between hydraulic variables and the sediment transport capacity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, few studies have systematically considered the effect of stem cover, stem diameter, and arrangement on the relationship between hydraulic variables and the sediment transport capacity. An overwhelming body of evidence from the laboratory and in the field has indicated that the sediment transport capacity would decrease markedly with vegetation cover (Kindiye et al, 2018; Mu et al, 2019a). It is postulated in this article that as flow resistance is increased, and velocity decreased with vegetation cover (Fu, Mu, Liu, Yu, & Liu, 2019), cover would have no explicit effect on the sediment transport capacity if flow velocity is used as one of its predictors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predicting the sediment transport capacity from flow condition and particle size in the presence of vegetation cover

et al. 2020

Land Degrad Dev

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The sediment transport capacity plays a pivotal role in erosion research, and is usually predicted using hydraulic variables. The transport capacity and hydraulic variables are affected by vegetation cover. Our understanding of the effect of vegetation cover, including the size, density, and arrangement of vegetation stems, on the relationship between the sediment transport capacity and hydraulic variables were rather limited. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect vegetation stem cover on the relationship between hydraulic variables and the sediment transport capacity and to derive an equation for predicting the sediment transport capacity in the presence of vegetation cover. Five data sets from 288 flume experiments with a wide range of discharge (0.25–2 × 10−3 m3 s−1), slope (8.8–42.3%), median sediment diameter (0.11–1.16 × 10−3 m), stem cover (0–30%), stem diameter (2–36 mm), and stem arrangement (bead, tessellation, zigzag, random, and banding) were compiled for this study. Extensive regression analysis has shown that the sediment transport capacity could be expressed as a power function of flow velocity, shear stress, stream power, or unit stream power. Predictors of the sediment transport capacity were ranked from the unit stream power as the strongest, followed by the stream power, flow velocity, and the shear stress. Vegetation stem cover had no apparent and direct effect on the relationship between hydraulic variables and the sediment transport capacity so long as the unit stream power or stream power was used as its predictor. Vegetation cover became a significant factor only when the shear stress was used to predict the sediment transport capacity. Finally, a new equation involving the slope gradient, flow velocity, and median sediment diameter in a nondimensional form was shown to be a superior predictor of the sediment transport capacity with the Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency of 0.92. The product of slope and flow velocity, that is, the unit stream power, captures the effect of vegetation stem cover and surface roughness and was shown to be an effective predictor of the transport capacity in the presence of vegetation cover.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Predicting the sediment transport capacity from flow condition and particle size in the presence of vegetation cover

et al. 2020

Land Degrad Dev

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Quantifying the effects of grass distribution patterns on the relative hydrodynamic parameters of overland flow

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2022

Hydrological Processes

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Grass distribution pattern (GDP) plays a crucial role in soil erosion, which is driven by overland flow on hillslopes caused by rainfall. To quantify the effects of GDPs on the hydrodynamic characteristics of overland flow, indoor scouring experiments were conducted in a hydraulic flume across eight flow discharges (3–45 L min−1), six slope gradients (2–12°), and five GDPs—a vertical strip pattern parallel to the slope direction (VP), chequerboard pattern (CP), small patches distributed in an ‘X’‐shape (XP), a banded pattern perpendicular to slope direction (BP), and a random pattern (RP). The results showed that GDP had a significant effect on the hydrodynamic parameters of overland flow when compared with bare slope (BS). For the five GDPs, the relative water depth, relative flow velocity, relative Froude number, and relative resistance coefficient were positively affected by flow discharge (p < 0.001), and negatively affected by slope gradient (p < 0.001); whereas the effects on the relative Reynolds number were inverted. Compared with the other patterns, the effects of BP on retarding flow was the best, as it maintained particularly remarkable characteristics affecting all five relative hydrodynamic parameters. Through parameterising GDP as a calculation factor, the prediction models of relative flow velocity (adj.R2 = 0.788**, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency [NSE] = 0.692), and relative Froude number (adj.R2 = 0.756*, NSE = 0.674) were established via nonlinear regression analysis. The effects of GDP on overland flow revealed here can help inform optimal GDP designs for water and soil conservation on sloped environments.

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Influence of vegetation lodging on the flow regime and resistance characteristic of overland flow

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2023

Hydrological Processes

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Vegetation lodging downstream under overland flow is a common phenomenon; it changes the characteristics of the overland flow regime and causes the resistance effect. At present, there are few studies on the hydraulic characteristics of the slope flow caused by vegetation lodging, and the problem of the flow resistance of the vegetation morphology has been neglected or simplified, which is likely to cause large deviations in overland flow forecast. To clarify the effect of vegetation lodging on overland flow, under the conditions of slope (0.0%–3.0%) and flow discharge (0.0005–0.008 m3/s), an indoor flume experiment of vegetation gradient lodging combination and lodging angle was carried out, and the resistance mechanism and flow regime characteristics were compared and discussed. The results show that it is reasonable to use a uniform lodging angle to simulate the influence of gradient lodging on the overland flow resistance. The slope and vegetation lodging states are important factors that affect the evolution of flow patterns and turbulence changes. It was found that, as the slope or degree of vegetation lodging increased, the flow patterns evolved from slow to rapid. Under the same flow discharge, the resistance of overland flow decreased with an increase in the vegetation lodging angle. Under unsubmerged conditions, the resistance coefficient f was found to be positively correlated with the Reynolds number Re and the cosine of the lodging angle θ, and negatively correlated with the slope S. Compared with vertical vegetation, the morphological resistance of vegetation with lodging angles of 20°, 40°, 60°, and 80° decreased by 10.28%, 32.53%, 52.45%, and 61.37%, respectively. The morphology of vegetation lodging is the main influencing factor that constitutes flow resistance and controls hydraulic erosion. This study provides a theoretical basis for the prediction of overland flow and soil erosion control.

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Effect of stem basal cover on the sediment transport capacity of overland flows

Cited by 53 publications

References 46 publications

Predicting the sediment transport capacity from flow condition and particle size in the presence of vegetation cover

Predicting the sediment transport capacity from flow condition and particle size in the presence of vegetation cover

Quantifying the effects of grass distribution patterns on the relative hydrodynamic parameters of overland flow

Influence of vegetation lodging on the flow regime and resistance characteristic of overland flow

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