“…As stated before lignin losses on the first 7 days of incubation were quite low with a more pronounced decrease afterwards. The same has been observed by Arora et al (2002) who suggested a synergistic role in ligninolysis due to the fact that various enzyme maxima occurred prior to degradation was also pointed out by Zhang et al (2008). According to these authors though the maximum of MnP and laccase activities were detected during the first 10 days of wheat straw incubation with T.…”
supporting
confidence: 73%
“…The production of ligninolytic enzymes during wheat straw degradation by fungi has already been reported by several authors (Vares et al, 1995;Arora et al, 2002;Rodrigues et al, 2008;Zhang et al, 2008).…”
“…As stated before lignin losses on the first 7 days of incubation were quite low with a more pronounced decrease afterwards. The same has been observed by Arora et al (2002) who suggested a synergistic role in ligninolysis due to the fact that various enzyme maxima occurred prior to degradation was also pointed out by Zhang et al (2008). According to these authors though the maximum of MnP and laccase activities were detected during the first 10 days of wheat straw incubation with T.…”
supporting
confidence: 73%
“…The production of ligninolytic enzymes during wheat straw degradation by fungi has already been reported by several authors (Vares et al, 1995;Arora et al, 2002;Rodrigues et al, 2008;Zhang et al, 2008).…”
“…the most efficient microorganisms for this purpose [9,10]. T. versicolor was grown on steam-exploded wheat straw for 40 days, resulting in 55.4% lignin degradation compared with the 20% obtained after steam-explosion treatment alone [55]. Salvachúa et al [56] combined mild alkaline extraction with microbial delignification to reduce the lignin content of wheat straw.…”
Section: Delignification Of Pretreated Materialsmentioning
Abstract:The continuous increase in the world energy and chemicals demand requires the development of sustainable alternatives to non-renewable sources of energy. Biomass facilities and biorefineries represent interesting options to gradually replace the present industry based on fossil fuels. Lignocellulose is the most promising feedstock to be used in biorefineries. From a sugar platform perspective, a wide range of fuels and chemicals can be obtained via microbial fermentation processes, being ethanol the most significant lignocellulose-derived fuel. Before fermentation, lignocellulose must be pretreated to overcome its inherent recalcitrant structure and obtain the fermentable sugars. Usually, harsh conditions are required for pretreatment of lignocellulose, producing biomass degradation and releasing different compounds that are inhibitors of the hydrolytic enzymes and fermenting microorganisms. Moreover, the lignin polymer that remains in pretreated materials also affects biomass conversion by limiting the enzymatic hydrolysis. The use of laccases has been considered as a very powerful tool for delignification and detoxification of pretreated lignocellulosic materials, boosting subsequent saccharification and fermentation processes. This review compiles the latest studies about the application of laccases as useful and environmentally friendly delignification and detoxification technology, highlighting the main challenges and possible ways to make possible the integration of these enzymes in future lignocellulose-based industries.
“…In addition, a cellulose fraction of steam-exploded biomass has been shown to be more susceptible to the enzymatic attack of anaerobic bacteria (Ramos 2003). Steam explosion is an important pretreatment method for the biodegradation of lignin in WS (Zhang et al 2008). In this study, steam explosion as pretreatment provided striking benefits for the production of methane from WS, though the application of a thermal microwave process did not.…”
Section: Effects Of Two Pretreatment Processes On Methane Production mentioning
Two pretreatment methods, microwave irradiation and steam explosion, were investigated in this work. The aim of the study was to investigate whether these methods would improve the biodegradability of wheat straw as a lignocellulosic feedstock. Microwave pretreatment was carried out on milled straw with an irradiation time of 15 minutes, at a temperature of either 200 or 300 °C in the oven. The steam explosion pretreatment was carried out on milled straw at 210 °C for 10 minutes. To determine the methane production potential, anaerobic digestion batch trials were run under mesophilic conditions for 60 days. The methane yields of the microwave-pretreated straw decreased by 65% for an attained temperature of 200 °C and by 92% for 300 °C. After steam explosion pretreatment, however, the methane yields of the straw increased by approximately 20% when compared to untreated straw samples. These results indicate that microwaving does not optimize methane production from wheat straw, while steam explosion yields positive results.
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