Effect of static and dynamic exercise on heart rate and blood pressure variabilities

González-Camarena, R.; Carrasco-Sosa, Salvador; Román-Ramos, Rubén; Gaitán-González, Mercedes J.; Médina-Bañuelos, Verónica; Azpiroz-Leehan, J.

doi:10.1097/00005768-200010000-00010

Cited by 63 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In addition to the significant differences of absolute spectral powers the increase of SDNN also demonstrates the distinct autonomic HR modulation under the different contraction modes. Together, these results speak for an increased dual autonomic cardiac modulation under ISO and supports evidence from recent studies [7,24,67]. Complementary to traditional HRV measures, entropy was significantly decreased during ISO, pointing towards an enhanced regularity of the heart beat series [37,[40][41][42].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Sample Entropy and Traditional Measures of Heart Rate Dynamics Reveal Different Modes of Cardiovascular Control During Low Intensity Exercise

Weippert

Behrens

Rieger

et al. 2014

Entropy

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Nonlinear parameters of heart rate variability (HRV) have proven their prognostic value in clinical settings, but their physiological background is not very well established. We assessed the effects of low intensity isometric (ISO) and dynamic (DYN) exercise of the lower limbs on heart rate matched intensity on traditional and entropy measures of HRV. Due to changes of afferent feedback under DYN and ISO a distinct autonomic response, mirrored by HRV measures, was hypothesized. Five-minute inter-beat interval measurements of 43 healthy males (26.0 ± 3.1 years) were performed during rest, DYN and ISO in a randomized order. Blood pressures and rate pressure product were higher during ISO vs. DYN (p < 0.001). HRV indicators SDNN as well as low and high frequency power were significantly higher during ISO (p < 0.001 for all measures). Compared to DYN, sample entropy (SampEn) was lower during ISO (p < 0.001). Concluding, contraction mode itself is a significant modulator of the autonomic cardiovascular response to exercise. Compared to DYN, ISO evokes a stronger blood pressure response and an enhanced interplay between both autonomic branches. Non-linear HRV measures indicate a more regular behavior under ISO. Results support the view of the reciprocal antagonism being OPEN ACCESSEntropy 2014, 16 5699 only one of many modes of autonomic heart rate control. Under different conditions; the identical "end product" heart rate might be achieved by other modes such as sympathovagal co-activation as well.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Sample Entropy and Traditional Measures of Heart Rate Dynamics Reveal Different Modes of Cardiovascular Control During Low Intensity Exercise

Weippert

Behrens

Rieger

et al. 2014

Entropy

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“…We designed this handgrip protocol for that purpose on the basis of pilot studies. In contrast, dynamic exercise at 25-50 W (23,27) or 60% peak HR (36), as used in the studies discussed above, are easily tolerated for many minutes by even unfit subjects (13). Therefore, the exercise stimulus we employed probably elicited substantially greater fatigue-related stress than that used by the other groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Interactive effects of mental and physical stress on cardiovascular control

Wasmund

Westerholm

Watenpaugh

et al. 2002

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Physiological responses to mental tasks and physical exercise were studied independently and combined. We hypothesized that combined mental and physical stresses produce a synergistic interaction. We studied cardiovascular responses to 5 min of static handgrip, mental arithmetic, and the combined stimuli in random order in 12 healthy subjects. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) responses to handgrip and the combined stimuli exceeded responses to mental arithmetic, yet no significant difference existed between responses to handgrip and the combined stimuli. Peak changes in SNA (in %) were greatest during handgrip (188 ± 41), followed by the combined stimuli (166 ± 31) and mental arithmetic (51 ± 9). Peak changes in MAP (in mmHg) were also greatest during handgrip (26 ± 4), followed by the combined stimuli (23 ± 3) and then mental arithmetic (8 ± 2). Peak changes in heart rate (in beats/min) followed the same trend: handgrip (15 ± 2), combined (13 ± 2), and mental arithmetic (10 ± 2). Mental stimulation did not synergistically interact with or add to the responses elicited by handgrip exercise; in fact, a trend existed for math during handgrip to reduce responses relative to handgrip alone.

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“…(16) The IHG exercise training induced reduction in resting heart rate and resting blood pressure, may be due to increased parasympathetic activity and decreased sympathetic activity, (17) or increase in the activity of both the autonomic branches. (18) Training causes increase in eNOS (endothelium nitric oxide synthase) gene transcription, eNOS mRNA stability and eNOS protein translation, resulting in increased nitric oxide formation from its precursor Larginine, which may be due to repetitive episodic increases in endothelial cells shear stress. (19) Training also results in decreased sensitivity to the vasoconstrictor effects of norepinephrine, possibly due to an endothelium-dependent mechanism involving alpha 2-adrenergic receptors.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Isometric Hand Grip Exercise Training on Cardiovascular and Echocardiographic Parameters Among Healthy Young Males

Gandhi¹

2016

jebmh

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Low level of physical fitness and sedentary life style is becoming one of the major risk factor of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Isometric hand grip exercise (IHG exercise) as a form of static resistance exercise has been shown to lower resting blood pressure and results in favorable cardiovascular remodeling. Still, its effect on cardiovascular, especially echocardiographic parameters has not been widely studied. Hence, the study was planned to evaluate the effect of IHG training of 5 weeks on cardiovascular parameters. 30 apparently healthy males of age group 23.57±1.83 years were included in the study. Relevant medical history and anthropometric variables were taken. They were asked to perform 4 IHG exercise at 30% of MVC for 3min with 5min rest in between for 4 days per week, for a period of 5 weeks. Cardiovascular parameters were recorded at the start, during the training and at the end of the training, while the echocardiographic parameters were recorded before and at the end of training. Significant decrease was observed in SBP, DBP, MAP, HR, RPP (rate pressure product) both at rest and at 2min of IHG exercise. Heart rate recovery at 1min increased significantly after the training. Echocardiography showed significant increment in interventricular septum thickness, left ventricular posterior wall thickness and left ventricular ejection fraction; and significant decrement in left ventricular end systolic diameter and volume. The study thus showed that IHG training resulted in positive morphological and functional adaptation of cardiovascular system, resulting decrease in stress on it both at rest and during exercise. KEYWORDSIsometric Hand Grip training, Cardiovascular system adaptation, Echocardiography. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE:Gandhi S. Effect of isometric hand grip exercise training on cardiovascular and echocardiographic parameters among healthy young males.

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Effect of static and dynamic exercise on heart rate and blood pressure variabilities

Cited by 63 publications

References 29 publications

Sample Entropy and Traditional Measures of Heart Rate Dynamics Reveal Different Modes of Cardiovascular Control During Low Intensity Exercise

Sample Entropy and Traditional Measures of Heart Rate Dynamics Reveal Different Modes of Cardiovascular Control During Low Intensity Exercise

Interactive effects of mental and physical stress on cardiovascular control

Effect of Isometric Hand Grip Exercise Training on Cardiovascular and Echocardiographic Parameters Among Healthy Young Males

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