Effect of Stable Scandium on the Long-term Whole Body Retention of Intravenously Administered 46Sc Citrate in the Rat

Exposure, Metabolism, and Toxicity of Rare Earths and Related Compounds

“…Table 3 shows half-times of iv-injected RE in the threephase model (64)(65)(66)(67). Hiraki et al (66) suggested that the fast, intermediate, and slow phases represent excretion via urine, from the soft tissues, and bone, respectively.…”

Metabolic data for scandium

“…Further, autopsy data on three of the patients studied demonstrated that scandium was retained mainly in the spleen, the liver and the skeleton. Experiments on rats (Byrd et al, 1975) confirm that a large fraction of intravenously injected scandium is avidly retained in the body.…”

“…Various studies have demonstrated that intravenously and intramuscularly injected scandium is preferentially deposited in liver, kidney, spleen, bone and to some extent lung (Durbin, 1960;Rosoff et al, 1963;Rosoff et al, 1965;Hara and Freed, 1972;Byrd et al, 1975;Lachine et al, 1976). However, the details of the distribution vary considerably from experiment to experiment.…”

“…However, the details of the distribution vary considerably from experiment to experiment. While colloid formation after injection may be partly responsible for this variation it is not thought to offer a complete explanation (Byrd et al, 1975).…”

“…In rats, 11 months after intravenous injection of the citrate, concentrations of scandium in bone and bone marrow are very similar (Byrd, Watson, Cloutier and Hayes, 1975). For the purposes of radiological protection it is assumed that all isotopes of scandium are uniformly distributed throughout bone and bone marrow at all times following their deposition in the skeleton.…”