Effect of Stable Flies on Feed Intake and Milk Production of Dairy Cows1

Global population structure of the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) inferred by mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data

“…Both sexes are hematophagous and make numerous visits to their hosts, bit repeatedly before obtaining a full meal. Economic losses in the cattle breeding caused by stables flies are mainly associated with their direct pathogenic effects: a loss of weight, milk production and immunizing defences (Bruce and Decker, 1958;Miller et al, 1973;Campbell et al, 1977Campbell et al, , 2001Wieman et al, 1992) and also by their role in the transmission of virus, bacteria, protozoa and helminths (Zumpt, 1973;Foil et al, 1983;Freitas and Romero, 1991;D'Amico et al, 1996;Foil and Gorham, 2000). Stable flies are found essentially in rural areas near stables, slaughter houses, cattle markets and the rubbish dumps, locations related mainly to the presence of fermenting organic material (Batista et al, 2005;Eesa and El-Sibae, 1993).…”

Phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear data in haematophagous flies support the paraphyly of the genus Stomoxys (Diptera: Muscidae)

“…The most studied species, Stomoxys calcitrans, is an economically important pest of cattle and several studies have attempted to estimate its impact on cattle production (Miller et al, 1973;Campbell et al, 1977Campbell et al, , 2001. These flies represent a serious nuisance not only because of their painful bites and blood predation, but also because they are involved in the mechanical transmission of several pathogens, such as the Capripoxvirus causing a cattle disease (Lumpy skin disease), Anaplasma marginale the causative agent of severe bovine anaplosmosis, and Dermatophilus congolensis the causative agent of dermotophilosis (Zumpt, 1973;D'Amico et al, 1996;Foil and Gorham, 2000).…”

Effects of Stable Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) on Weight Gains of Grazing Yearling Cattle

“…THE STABLE FLY, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), has long been known as a serious pest of conÞned cattle in feedlots and dairies (Bruce and Decker 1958;Cutkomp and Harvey 1958;Miller et al 1973;Campbell et al 1977Campbell et al , 1987Campbell et al , 1993Berry et al 1983;Schwinghammer et al 1986;Wieman et al 1992). However, in the last two decades, the stable ßy has become a serious pest of grazing cattle in pastures and rangeland in the Northern Great Plains (personal communication with entomologists, Rick Meyer, North Dakota State University; Mike Catangui, South Dakota State University; Jack Lloyd, University of Wyoming; Frank Peairs, Colorado State University; Ken Holscher, Iowa State University; and Alberto Broce, Kansas State University).…”