Effect of Sr Substitution on a Nonlinear Piezoelectric Coefficient of Third-Higher Term in Lead–Zirconate–Titanate-based Piezoelectric Ceramics

Abstract

Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics was changed to relaxor ferroelectrics by substitution of Sr for Pb. The temperature dependence of relative permittivity at about the Curie point showed that the ceramics changed to exhibit diffuse phase transition with an increase in Sr content. A nonlinear coefficient of the third-higher term was measured in these relaxor materials. The nonlinear coefficient of morphotropic phase boundary compositions decreased with an increase in Sr content. In accordance with the decrease in nonlinear coefficient, resonance frequency change during high-power vibration and the current-jumping phenomenon during constant-voltage driving were suppressed.

Modeling and Identification of Rosen-Type Transformer in Nonlinear Behavior

“…Then, several experimental studies were dedicated to showing the dependence of high-order terms with temperature, grain size, current-bias, or the ceramic's material composition [10], [11]. It is essential to note that the existence of nonlinear behavior can also be observed and described as a purely mechanical event, which was theoretically treated by Landau and Lifchitz as anharmonic oscillations [12].…”

Nonlinear piezoelectricity in Li-modified (K,Na)NbO3system ceramics

“…ξ D31 was obtained by measuring the third-harmonic voltage generated during constant-current driving. 3,4,8,9,[11][12][13][14]28) The waveforms of the sample current and sample voltage were simultaneously accumulated in a digital storage scope (LeCroy 6050-I) in the constant-current-measurement circuit, as shown in Fig. 2(a).…”

“…With increasing driving power density, nonlinear piezoelectric phenomena such as the generation of higher harmonic voltages, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] the current-jumping phenomenon, 1,2,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] and changes in the resonance frequency are known to become apparent in piezoelectric ceramic devices for use at high powers. Since these phenomena considerably reduce the driving stability of the devices, research on reducing the nonlinearity has continued.…”

“…In lead-based piezoelectric ceramics, the addition of an acceptor or the inclusion of a third material has been reported to reduce the nonlinearity. 5,6,8,9,11,[15][16][17] From the viewpoint of environmental sustainability, the wide practical use of lead-free piezoelectric materials instead of lead-based ceramics is highly desirable. Although alkali niobate-based ceramics are promising lead-free piezoelectric materials as an alternative to lead-based ceramics, [19][20][21][22][23][24][25] only a few studies in which the nonlinear piezoelectricity was quantitatively estimated have been carried out.…”

Orientation Control of (Sr,Ca)2NaNb5O15Ceramics by Spin-Forming-Extended Method

“…[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Recently, it has been reported that the disk samples of SCNN ceramics show a hard-spring behavior, 2) which is in contrast to the soft-spring behavior typically observed in lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics during high-power driving at around resonance frequency. [12][13][14] Since SCNN has a tungsten-bronze structure with a large crystallographic anisotropy, the grain orientation to the c-axis direction as the poling direction is quite important for producing a high performance. As the effective grainorientation-control techniques for the ceramics with a tungsten-bronze structure, the rotating magnetic field method using a superconducting magnet has been reported.…”