Effect of split application of fertilizer nitrogen on N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from potatoes

Burton, David L.; Zebarth, Bernie J.; Gillam, K M; MacLeod, John

doi:10.4141/cjss06007

Cited by 163 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…This is because <20% of the annual rainfall (600-800 mm) occurs in winter, winter rainfall events are highly variable with coefficients of variation of 46-80% (Webb et al 1997), and forecast rain fronts during winter may not eventuate into sufficient rainfall for the crop to utilise the applied N (Doyle and Shapland 1991;Herridge 2011). Other studies of effects of split N application on N 2 O emissions have shown mixed results, depending on the timing of significant rainfall events in relation to N application (Weier 1999;Burton et al 2008;Venterea and Coulter 2015), or the total N rate applied Zebarth et al 2008). Expts 4 and 5 in this study showed apparent reductions in emissions of 38-51% compared with a single N application at sowing, although grain yield was also reduced in Expt 4.…”

Section: N 2 O Mitigation Options For Rainfed Cereal Croppingmentioning

confidence: 53%

Greenhouse gas (N2O and CH4) fluxes under nitrogen-fertilised dryland wheat and barley on subtropical Vertosols: risk, rainfall and alternatives

et al. 2016

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Abstract. The northern Australian grains industry relies on nitrogen (N) fertiliser to optimise yield and protein, but N fertiliser can increase soil fluxes of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and methane (CH 4 ). We measured soil N 2 O and CH 4 fluxes associated with wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) using automated (Expts 1, 3) and manual chambers (Expts 2, 4, 5). Experiments were conducted on subtropical Vertosol soils fertilised with N rates of 0-160 kg N ha -1 .In Expt 1 (2010), intense rainfall for a month before and after sowing elevated N 2 O emissions from N-fertilised (80 kg N ha -1 ) wheat, with 417 g N 2 O-N ha -1 emitted compared with 80 g N 2 O-N ha -1 for non-fertilised wheat. Once crop N uptake reduced soil mineral N, there was no further treatment difference in N 2 O. Expt 2 (2010) showed similar results, however, the reduced sampling frequency using manual chambers gave a lower cumulative N 2 O. By contrast, very low rainfall before and for several months after sowing Expt 3 (2011) resulted in no difference in N 2 O emissions between N-fertilised and non-fertilised barley. N 2 O emission factors were 0.42, 0.20 and -0.02 for Expts 1, 2 and 3, respectively. In Expts 4 and 5 (2011), N 2 O emissions increased with increasing rate of N fertiliser. Emissions were reduced by 45% when the N fertiliser was applied in a 50 : 50 split between sowing and mid-tillering, or by 70% when urea was applied with the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole-phosphate.Methane fluxes were typically small and mostly negative in all experiments, especially in dry soils. Cumulative CH 4 uptake ranged from 242 to 435 g CH 4 -C ha -1 year -1 , with no effect of N fertiliser treatment. Considered in terms of CO 2 equivalents, soil CH 4 uptake offset 8-56% of soil N 2 O emissions, with larger offsets occurring in non-N-fertilised soils.The first few months from N fertiliser application to the period of rapid crop N uptake pose the main risk for N 2 O losses from rainfed cereal cropping on subtropical Vertosols, but the realisation of this risk is dependent on rainfall. Strategies that reduce the soil mineral N pool during this time can reduce the risk of N 2 O loss.

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Section: N 2 O Mitigation Options For Rainfed Cereal Croppingmentioning

confidence: 53%

Greenhouse gas (N2O and CH4) fluxes under nitrogen-fertilised dryland wheat and barley on subtropical Vertosols: risk, rainfall and alternatives

et al. 2016

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“…Increasing the rate of N application, depending on soil C availability, may exponentially increase N 2 O emission (Kim et al, 2013). Thus, slow N release from CRFs or split application of N can reduce N 2 O emissions depending of environmental conditions and product properties (Akiyama et al, 2010;Burton et al, 2008;Halvorson et al, 2014;Hyatt et al, 2010;Yang et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced-Efficiency Fertilizers in Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Urea Applied to Sugarcane

et al. 2015

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The environmental benefits of producing biofuels from sugarcane have been questioned due to greenhouse gas emissions during the biomass production stage, especially nitrous oxide (N 2 O) associated with nitrogen (N) fertilization. The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of nitrification inhibitors (NIs) dicyandiamide (DCD) and 3,4 dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and a controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) to reduce N 2 O emissions from urea, applied at a rate of 120 kg ha -1 of N. Two field experiments in ratoon cycle sugarcane were performed in Brazil. The treatments were (i) no N (control), (ii) urea, (iii) urea+DCD, (iv) urea+DMPP, and (v) CRF. Measurements of N 2 O fluxes were performed using static chambers with four replications. The measurements were conducted three times per week during the first 3 mo and biweekly afterward for a total of 217 and 382 d in the first and second seasons, respectively. The cumulative N 2 O-N emissions in the first ratoon cycle were 1098 g ha -1 in the control treatment and 1924 g ha -1 with urea (0.7% of the total N applied). Addition of NIs to urea reduced N 2 O emissions by more than 90%, which did not differ from those of the plots without N. The CRF treatment showed N 2 O emissions no different from those of urea. The results were similar in the second ratoon: the treatment with urea showed N 2 O emissions of 0.75% of N applied N. Application of NIs resulted in a strong reduction in N 2 O emissions, but CRF increased emissions compared with urea. We therefore conclude that both NIs can be options for mitigation of greenhouse gas emission in sugarcane used for bioenergy.

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“…Although the year to year decrease in N 2 O fluxes was not proportional to the reduced NO 3 levels, these findings suggest that the availability of NO 3 was more limiting than WEOC. Thus, the risk of N 2 O emissions may be mitigated when soil NO 3 concentrations are low (Lemke et al, 1998;Wagner-Riddle and Thurtell, 1998;Burton et al, 2008;Chantigny et al, 2010). Other studies have reported that low available C appeared to limit N 2 O emissions (Lemke et al, 1998;Rochette et al, 2004;Gillam et al, 2008;Chantigny et al, 2010;Pelster et al, 2012), but this depends on soil characteristics, climate and cropping system (Rochette et al, 2004), with no clear distinction between C and NO 3 limitation.…”

Section: Water Extractable Organic Carbon and Nitrate Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐Legume Cover Crops Can Increase Non‐Growing Season Nitrous Oxide Emissions

Thomas

Hao

Larney

et al. 2017

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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Abbreviations: FRC, fall rye with compost; FRF, fall rye with inorganic fertilizer; MDL, minimum detection limit; ORC, oilseed radish with compost; ORF, oilseed radish with inorganic fertilizer; NCC, no cover crop with compost; NCF, no cover crop with inorganic fertilizer; CON, nonamended soil with no cover crop; WEOC, water-extractable organic carbon. P ost-harvest seeding of cover crops reduces the risk of wind erosion and nutrient loss through leaching and runoff during the non-growing season, but how cover crops affect C and N transformations during this time is poorly understood. Although soil microbial activity slows during the non-growing season, this period is particularly prone to N 2 O emissions in temperate regions (Wagner-Riddle and Thurtell, 1998;Dörsch et al., 2004;Ellert and Janzen, 2008;Hao, 2015). Whether cover crops reduce N 2 O emissions during the non-growing season by assimilating ammonium (NH 4 ) and NO 3 is uncertain. In part, this is because cover crops release labile C and N through root exudates and rhizodeposition during their growth phase and freeze-thaw cycles, which can stimulate microbial activity and increase N 2 O emissions (Petersen et al., 2011;Gul and Whalen, 2013;Mitchell et al., 2013). This may counter the crop N uptake and explain why there is no clear consensus on how non-legume cover crops effect N 2 O emissions (Basche et al., 2014 Core Ideas• Nitrous oxide emissions were greater in winter than spring or fall.• Tillage radish increased over-winter N 2 o fluxes.• Non-legume cover crops increased N 2 o fluxes under apparent No 3 limiting conditions.

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Effect of split application of fertilizer nitrogen on N₂O emissions from potatoes

Cited by 163 publications

References 29 publications

Greenhouse gas (N2O and CH4) fluxes under nitrogen-fertilised dryland wheat and barley on subtropical Vertosols: risk, rainfall and alternatives

Greenhouse gas (N2O and CH4) fluxes under nitrogen-fertilised dryland wheat and barley on subtropical Vertosols: risk, rainfall and alternatives

Enhanced-Efficiency Fertilizers in Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Urea Applied to Sugarcane

Non‐Legume Cover Crops Can Increase Non‐Growing Season Nitrous Oxide Emissions

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Effect of split application of fertilizer nitrogen on N2O emissions from potatoes

Cited by 163 publications

References 29 publications

Greenhouse gas (N2O and CH4) fluxes under nitrogen-fertilised dryland wheat and barley on subtropical Vertosols: risk, rainfall and alternatives

Greenhouse gas (N2O and CH4) fluxes under nitrogen-fertilised dryland wheat and barley on subtropical Vertosols: risk, rainfall and alternatives

Enhanced-Efficiency Fertilizers in Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Urea Applied to Sugarcane

Non‐Legume Cover Crops Can Increase Non‐Growing Season Nitrous Oxide Emissions

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Effect of split application of fertilizer nitrogen on N₂O emissions from potatoes