Effect of sowing depth on plant establishment, tillering capacity and other agronomic characters of cereals

Hadjichristodoulou, A.; Della, A.; Photiades, J.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600027337

Cited by 38 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…By contrast, increasing stubble mass and sowing depth slowed seedling emergence and reduced tiller number to reduce seedling biomass, as observed in the field. Delayed seedling emergence has been reported to reduce seedling leaf area and biomass, tiller number per plant and spike number per unit area, grain yield and total biomass in wheat (Hadjichristodoulou et al, 1977;Gan et al, 1992;Mahdi et al, 1998). Poor leaf area development can lead to increased competition by weeds (Coleman et al, 2001), and greater soil evaporation to reduce crop water use effi- Values in parenthesis represent change relative to the optimal 0 t/ha, 50 mm sowing depth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hadjichristodoulou et al, 1977;Matsui et al, 2002) have demonstrated a positive association between wheat coleoptile length and increased plant number with deep sowing. Shorter coleoptiles and poor emergence have commonly been associated with presence of the gibberellin-insensitive Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b dwarfing genes (Fick and Qualset, 1976;Allan, 1989;Schillinger et al, 1998;Rebetzke et al, 2001;Matsui et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Longer coleoptiles improve emergence through crop residues to increase seedling number and biomass in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2005

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Crop residues protect soils from erosion, reduce soil water evaporation and increase soil organic matter. Yet management of stubbles for cropping can be difficult. Surface-retained residue can act as a mechanical barrier to slow emergence and reduce seedling biomass. Longer coleoptiles improve seedling emergence with deep sowing and may assist where stubble load is large. In a glasshouse study, six wheat and barley genotypes were sown at 30 and 50 mm depth into pots containing pasteurised soil. Unweathered sorghum, canola and wheat stubble were added at 0, 3 and 6 t/ha equivalents to the soil surface and pots watered above or below the stubble. Stubble species and watering regime had little effect on seedling growth. However, deeper sowing and increased stubble mass adversely affected most seedling characteristics particularly slowing seedling emergence and reducing tiller number to decrease plant biomass (environmental correlations (r e ) of )0.98** and 0.88**, respectively). Shorter coleoptile Rht-B1b wheats 'Banks' and 'Janz', and barley 'Beecher' emerged slower and abnormally with thicker stubble, and had more sterile tillers to reduce total tiller number and biomass. Deeper crowns for these genotypes also resulted in proportionally less biomass located above the stubble. The converse was true of long coleoptile 'Vigour 18', 'Halberd', and its Rht8 progeny, 'HM14bS' which were less affected by stubble mass and sowing depth. In a corresponding field study, increasing wheat stubble mass from 0 to 3 and 6 t/ha delayed seedling emergence and decreased plant number to reduce biomass. Short coleoptile wheat genotypes 'Hartog' and 'Janz' emerged slower and produced less biomass at 3 and 6 t/ha of stubble than long coleoptile wheat genotypes 'Halberd' and 'HM14bS'. Emergence of seedlings sown at 50 mm depth with 6 t/ha overlying stubble was similar to that sown at 120 mm with no stubble, reflecting the similar impact of retained residues to deep sowing. Genetic variation for coleoptile length and availability of gibberellin-responsive dwarfing genes such as Rht8 will allow development of long coleoptile wheats for deep sowing or where stubble retention is practiced.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longer coleoptiles improve emergence through crop residues to increase seedling number and biomass in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2005

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“…Seedlings emerging from deep sowing have slower growth rates, decreased biomass and reduced leaf area relative to surface-sown seedlings, thereby decreasing the ability of wheat crops to out-compete weeds (Coleman et al 2001;Hadjichristodoulou et al 1977;Huang and Taylor 1993;Rebetzke et al 2007). In low-precipitation agronomic regions where plant height does not adversely affect production via increased lodging, increasing plant height may play an important role in reducing weed pressure (Balyan et al 1991;Wicks et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response to selection, combining ability and heritability of coleoptile length in winter wheat

et al. 2008

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Selection of winter wheat cultivars with long coleoptiles is an important component of improving emergence, weed suppression and grain yield in low rainfall regions of the world. Seven winter wheat cultivars were hybridized in a Griffing's half-diallel mating design, method 2 (reciprocals excluded, parents included), model 1 (fixed), and the progeny analyzed for coleoptile length in the F 1 through F 4 for response to selection, general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) and heritability. Highly significant differences existed for GCA among progeny in each generation. SCA was highly significant in the F 1 , F 2 and F 4 , although SCA estimates were inconsistent among generations in each progeny population. The SCA/ GCA ratio was 0.15, 0.11, 0.06 and 0.04 in the F 1 through the F 4 , respectively, indicating that additive effects increased with homozygosity. Broad-sense heritability for coleoptile length was estimated at 0.86, 0.76, 0.60 and 0.78 for the F 1 through the F 4 , respectively. Realized heritabilities ranged from -0.16 to 0.85 with a mean of 0.32 in the F 3 and ranged from -0.68 to 0.68 with a mean of 0.13 in the F 4 . Spearman's rank correlation coefficients (R S ) were significant for all generation comparisons except the F 1 :F 2 , indicating that changes in rank for coleoptile length were insignificant. Cultivars with long coleoptiles and high GCA were the best parents for improving coleoptile length. Sustained selection over generations for coleoptile length was more effective than one generation of selection for genotypes both with and without reduced height genes.

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“…Abd el rahman and Bourdu (1986) showed that large and heavy seeds give improved germination and emergence rates while Ching et al (1977) showed that barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings emerge faster from large seeds than from small sized seeds. Other authors attribute emergence failure, especially in the case of deep sowing, to depletion of seed reserves before emergence (Feneck and Papy, 1977;Hadjichristodoulou et al, 1977). Other authors attribute emergence failure, especially in the case of deep sowing, to depletion of seed reserves before emergence (Feneck and Papy, 1977;Hadjichristodoulou et al, 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption of wheat seed reserves during germination and early growth as affected by soil water potential

Bouaziz

Hicks

1990

Plant Soil

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Seed size and weight are important criteria for determining seedling vigour and stand establishment. Evolution of seed dry weight of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during germination and early growth was examined because poor stands are often associated with the depletion and exhaustion of seed reserves. Two laboratory experiments were conducted on filter paper and in soil at three water potentials using wheat seeds. Seed, root, and shoot dry weights were recorded at approximately one-day intervals. Coleoptile and first leaf lengths were also measured at all sampling periods. Wheat seedlings grown on filter paper in the dark grew to a length of 90 to 100 mm with 50% of the initial seed weight remaining after eight days when the experiment was terminated. In soil, wheat seedlings grew 15 mm with 25% of the initial seed weight remaining. Seed reserves were depleted more quickly when the soil was wet because seedlings grew more quickly. There were significant and similar negative relationships between seed weight and coleoptile length of wheat seedlings grown on filter paper and in soil. There was no effect of soil water potential on the relationship between seed weight and shoot length. Therefore, it was concluded that poor wheat stands are not likely to occur due to depletion of seed reserves under field conditions without mechanical obstacles.

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Effect of sowing depth on plant establishment, tillering capacity and other agronomic characters of cereals

Cited by 38 publications

References 6 publications

Longer coleoptiles improve emergence through crop residues to increase seedling number and biomass in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Longer coleoptiles improve emergence through crop residues to increase seedling number and biomass in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Response to selection, combining ability and heritability of coleoptile length in winter wheat

Consumption of wheat seed reserves during germination and early growth as affected by soil water potential

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