Effect of Sowing Dates on Fatty Acids and Phytosterols Patterns of Carthamus tinctorius L.

Abstract

Field experiments were carried out at the Regional Centre of Experimentation in Organic agriculture at Auch (near Toulouse, South west of France). Due to the high potential applications for its oil components such as fatty acids and phytosterols, safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is considered as an emerging crop. Safflower plants, as many other oil crops, are submitted to environmental stresses that modify seed composition. Nevertheless, few reports are available about the effects of environmental conditions on fatty acid and phytosterol compositions in safflower. Different rainfall supplies can be managed by delaying the sowing dates. In this study, fatty acid and phytosterol contents have been evaluated in safflower seeds cultivated at two sowing dates (conventional and late) that led to a differential of rainfall during seed development. At harvest, seeds were used for oil extraction. Fatty acid composition was performed by using GC-FID. A set of seeds was dehulled to separate the almond (embryo) and hull to release the extraction and measurement of sterol contents in the two compartments by GC-FID. A delay of sowing increased the content of all sterol categories but induced a significant decrease in fatty acids. The ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids increased under a delaying sowing. The repartition of phytosterols was ¾ and ¼ of total sterols in the embryo and the hull, respectively. These results could make the use of hull (considered as waste) possible, help breeders to improve safflower oil composition and develop new industrial applications.

Phenol Content and Antioxidant and Antiaging Activity of Safflower Seed Oil (Carthamus Tinctorius L.)

“…In this study, the excellent anti-collagenase and anti-elastase activity of the phenolic compounds of safflower oil highlight its potential as a natural source of antiaging agents for cosmetic formulations. Besides the phenol content of safflower oil reported in our study, other research has confirmed that safflower oil contains also high proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids and sterols [24]; the characteristics of all of these compounds could grant safflower oil high importance for pharmaceutical and industrial use.…”

“…Thus, these climatic variations, which were mainly due to variations in temperature and precipitation (Table 2), had significant effects on the studied parameters. Roche et al [24] reported the effect of climatic conditions on the chemical composition of safflower seeds. In 2017, high temperatures and low rainfall were recorded during the growing season of safflower (Table 2).…”

Accumulation during fruit development of components of interest in seed of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) cultivar Oruro© released in France

“…These values are significantly higher than those of most vegetable oils, e.g. canola oil (0.36), olive oil (0.08-0.12), soybean oil (0.15), Safflower (0.01) Atlas pistachio (0.10) and walnut oil (0.25) (Galão et al, 2014;Ojeda-Amador et al, 2018;Rodrigues et al, 2018;Beyzi et al, 2019;Labdelli et al, 2019;Roche et al, 2019). The tocopherol content increased in same way between 17 to 24 DAF (Tab.…”

Planting Locations with Higher Temperature Produce More Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Capacities of Wheat

“…The results indicate that elevated growing temperatures significantly enhanced the bioactive compounds contents and antioxidant capacities of wheat and the finding might be a general phenomenon. The contents of the major bioactive compounds pseudohypericin and hypericin of St. John's wort was higher at 30 • C than at 25 • C [32] and delaying sowing dates, which leads to higher temperatures, affects the accumulation of unsaturated fatty in safflower and phytosterols and phytostanols [33,34]. The diurnal cycle was also previously reported to affect the content of secondary metabolites such as phytic acid in wheat [35].…”