“…However, the likelihood of a positive response of grain crops to S fertilization has increased in various ecosystems around the world (Rheinheimer et al, 2005;Ercoli et al, 2011;Blum et al, 2013;Divito et al, 2015;Salvagiotti et al, 2017) as a consequence of (a) higher crop yield potential increasing S plant requirements (Salvagiotti et al, 2017), (b) the repeated use of phosphate and nitrogen fertilizers containing little or no S (Rheinheimer et al, 2005;Osório Filho et al, 2007), (c) reduced S atmospheric deposition (Divito et al, 2015;Vieira-Filho et al, 2015), (d) increased use of monocultures or crop successions, resulting in low inputs of crop residues, and (e) chemical and/or physical constraints on deep-rooting under NT (Dalla Nora et al, 2017). Crop responses to S application in Brazilian NT soils are highly variable and range from substantial increases (Miranda and Miranda, 2008;Fiorini et al, 2016;Pereira et al, 2016;Lopes et al, 2017;Nascente et al, 2017) to slight reductions in grain yield (Barbosa Filho et al, 2005;Megda et al, 2009;Gelain et al, 2011;Rampim et al, 2011) depending on the particular crop, soil, and climate conditions. Therefore, further consideration of these key drivers (viz., climate, soil chemical properties, crop type, and grain yield potential) for crop yield is imperative if management of S fertilization in Brazil is to be more sustainable.…”