Effect of source of supplemental fat in early lactation on productive performance and milk composition

Ma, Genshan; Merrill, Caitlyn; Kung, L.; Smith, Marshall S.; Harrison, J.A.; Block, E.

doi:10.15232/pas.2017-01658

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 24 publications

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“…However, except for one of the above cited studies, none focused on PPAR activation, and none provided data suggesting that the dose and/or mixture of FA used could effectively activate PPAR. Furthermore, supplementation of palmitic acid generally improves the health and performance of dairy cows [ 63 , 64 ] but high dose of palmitic acid can also decrease cell viability and increase inflammation by both binding to TLR2 or TLR4 and increasing ceramide production [ 65 , 66 ]. Thus, it is important to carry out more studies to determine the dose that can optimize PPAR activation but minimize inflammation, especially in vivo .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interplay between non-esterified fatty acids and bovine peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: results of an in vitro hybrid approach

Busato

Bionaz

2020

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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Background: In dairy cows circulating non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) increase early post-partum while liver and other tissues undergo adaptation to greater lipid metabolism, mainly regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR). PPAR are activated by fatty acids (FA), but it remains to be demonstrated that circulating NEFA or dietary FA activate bovine PPAR. We hypothesized that circulating NEFA and dietary FA activate PPAR in dairy cows. Methods: The dose-response activation of PPAR by NEFA or dietary FA was assessed using HP300e digital dispenser and luciferase reporter in several bovine cell types. Cells were treated with blood plasma isolated from Jersey cows before and after parturition, NEFA isolated from the blood plasma, FA released from lipoproteins using milk lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and palmitic acid (C16:0). Effect on each PPAR isotype was assessed using specific synthetic inhibitors. Results: NEFA isolated from blood serum activate PPAR linearly up to~4-fold at 400 μmol/L in MAC-T cells but had cytotoxic effect. Addition of albumin to the culture media decreases cytotoxic effects of NEFA but also PPAR activation by~2-fold. Treating cells with serum from peripartum cows reveals that much of the PPAR activation can be explained by the amount of NEFA in the serum (R 2 = 0.91) and that the response to serum NEFA follows a quadratic tendency, with peak activation around 1.4 mmol/L. Analysis of PPAR activation by serum in MAC-T, BFH-12 and BPAEC cells revealed that most of the activation is explained by the activity of PPARδ and PPARγ, but not PPARα. Palmitic acid activated PPAR when added in culture media or blood serum but the activation was limited to PPARδ and PPARα and the response was nil in serum from post-partum cows. The addition of LPL to the serum increased > 1.5-fold PPAR activation. Conclusion: Our results support dose-dependent activation of PPAR by circulating NEFA in bovine, specifically δ and γ isotypes. Data also support the possibility of increasing PPAR activation by dietary FA; however, this nutrigenomics approach maybe only effective in pre-partum but not post-partum cows.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interplay between non-esterified fatty acids and bovine peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: results of an in vitro hybrid approach

Busato

Bionaz

2020

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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Effect of stearic or oleic acid on milk performance and energy partitioning when fed in diets with low and high rumen-active unsaturated fatty acids in early lactation

Chen

Harrison

et al. 2019

Journal of Animal Science

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This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of stearic acid (SA; C18:0) or rumen-protected oleic acid (OA; C18:1 cis-9) on milk performance and energy partitioning of early lactation cows when supplemented in diets with low and high level of rumen unsaturated fatty acids (RUFA). In low RUFA experiment (LRUFA), FA supplement rich in either SA or calcium salts OA was added to a basal diet with a low concentration of RUFA (0.75% vs. 1.4%, LRUFA-SA vs. LRUFA-OA). In high RUFA experiment (HRUFA), 2% soybean oil was added to the diet fed in the LRUFA experiment. In each experiment, 30 multiparous cows were blocked by parity and predicted transmitting ability for milk yield and were randomly fed 1 of 2 treatment diets from 2 to 13 wk postpartum. In the LRUFA experiment, LRUFA-SA had 2.4 kg/d more dry matter intake (DMI) (P < 0.01), 3.8 kg/d more energy-corrected milk (P < 0.01), and 0.3% units more milk fat percentage (P < 0.01) and 0.2 kg/d more milk fat yield (P < 0.01). Dietary treatments did not affect body weight, energy balance, and energy intake partitioning into milk, maintenance, and body tissues (P > 0.1). In the HRUFA experiment, HRUFA-SA had 1.4 kg/d more DMI (P = 0.03) but similar milk and milk components yields (P > 0.1). HRUFA-SA had a tendency to gain more body weight (P = 0.07) and had more positive energy balance (P = 0.01) and decreased gross feed efficiency (milk yield/DMI) (P = 0.01). Consistently, HRUFA-SA increased intake energy partitioning into body tissues (P = 0.02) and decreased energy partitioning into milk (P = 0.01). In summary, SA supplementation had more DMI relative to OA, but the effects on milk and milk fat production were different and affected by the level of RUFA in the basal diet. In application, SA supplementation was more effective to improve milk production when included in the basal diet with the low RUFA.

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Effect of source of supplemental fat in early lactation on productive performance and milk composition

Cited by 2 publications

References 24 publications

The interplay between non-esterified fatty acids and bovine peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: results of an in vitro hybrid approach

The interplay between non-esterified fatty acids and bovine peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: results of an in vitro hybrid approach

Effect of stearic or oleic acid on milk performance and energy partitioning when fed in diets with low and high rumen-active unsaturated fatty acids in early lactation

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