Effect of source integration on the geochemical fluxes from springs

Frisbee, Marty D.; Phillips, Fred M.; White, Art F.; Campbell, Andrew R.; Liu, Fengjing

doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.08.028

Cited by 27 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 63 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A weighted time arises due to the nonlinear mixing that occurs between waters having different radiocarbon activities. End-member mixing analysis indicated that there are groundwater components mixed in spring flow that are much older than the weighted mean residence time measured at the spring emergence [Frisbee et al, 2013]. Here the weathering rates based on radiocarbon residence times are conservative.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Radiocarbon residence times were corrected by assuming that the radiocarbon activity of the recharging water (a 0 ) was 85 +/À 5 pmc (Plummer and Glynn [2013]; see Frisbee et al [2013] for details on radiocarbon corrections). The implicit assumption in age-dating groundwater with radiocarbon is that dissolved inorganic carbon is transported advectively following a piston flow approximation [Bethke and Johnson, 2008].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where R(C x ) is the weathering rate for solute x, in mol m À2 s À1 (m À2 refers to contributing area rather than mineral surface area), C x is the concentration of solute x in mol m À3 , t spr is the measured residence time in years, Q spr is the volumetric discharge per unit time step in m 3 , and A spr is the estimated contributing area of the spring in m 2 [Frisbee et al, 2013]. Equation 3 was solved for C x to reconstruct the potassium concentration for each spring by assuming that R(C x ) was equal to a weathering rate for potassium feldspar of 10 À13.8 mol m À2 s À1 [White, 2005].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Residence times have been used to understand streamflow generation processes [Kendall and McDonnell, 1998;McGuire and McDonnell, 2006], weathering rates in watersheds [Pacheco and Van der Weijden, 2012;Frisbee et al, 2013], time scales of ecological processes [Brunke and Gonser, 1997;Hancock et al, 2005], and recently, the watershed response to climate change [Rademacher et al, 2005;Singleton and Moran, 2010;Manning et al, 2012]. Given the broad interest in applications of residence times in watershed science, it is critically important that methodologies provide accurate and physically justifiable estimates of mean residence times and residence time distributions (RTDs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We test the hypothesis by calculating weathering rates for silicate minerals based on residence times for seven perennial springs in the pristine Saguache Creek watershed in the San Juan Mountains of southern Colorado, USA (supporting information, Figure S1). We compare weathering rates for silica and calcium based on residence times derived using three different age-dating methods: (1) radiocarbon, capable of providing mean residence times up to 45 ka, (2) a silica geochemical chronometer ( Figure S2) [Frisbee et al, 2013], and (3) the CIM. The selection of these age-dating methods was based on data availability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Are we missing the tail (and the tale) of residence time distributions in watersheds?

Frisbee

Wilson

Gomez‐Velez

et al. 2013

Geophysical Research Letters

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

[1] Residence times provide vital information on hydrological, geochemical, and ecological processes in watersheds. The common perception is that mean residence times in watersheds are very short, on the order of days to years. However, there is growing concern that longer residence times of centuries to millennia are not being captured by traditional surface water age-dating methods. We hypothesize that if mean residence times are biased short, then weathering rates calculated from mean residence times will be forced unrealistically high to match observed solute concentrations. We test this hypothesis by calculating weathering rates from springs based upon residence times estimated using three different age-dating methods. Observed solute concentrations require unrealistically large weathering rates if typical short residence times are employed as compared to rates derived from longer residence times. Residence time distributions in watersheds have substantially longer tails than previously thought, with implications for age-dating methods and their interpretation to infer process behavior.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Are we missing the tail (and the tale) of residence time distributions in watersheds?

Frisbee

Wilson

Gomez‐Velez

et al. 2013

Geophysical Research Letters

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Field estimates of groundwater circulation depths in two mountainous watersheds in the western U.S. and the effect of deep circulation on solute concentrations in streamflow

Frisbee

Tolley

Wilson

2017

Water Resources Research

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Estimates of groundwater circulation depths based on field data are lacking. These data are critical to inform and refine hydrogeologic models of mountainous watersheds, and to quantify depth and time dependencies of weathering processes in watersheds. Here we test two competing hypotheses on the role of geology and geologic setting in deep groundwater circulation and the role of deep groundwater in the geochemical evolution of streams and springs. We test these hypotheses in two mountainous watersheds that have distinctly different geologic settings (one crystalline, metamorphic bedrock and the other volcanic bedrock). Estimated circulation depths for springs in both watersheds range from 0.6 to 1.6 km and may be as great as 2.5 km. These estimated groundwater circulation depths are much deeper than commonly modeled depths suggesting that we may be forcing groundwater flow paths too shallow in models. In addition, the spatial relationships of groundwater circulation depths are different between the two watersheds. Groundwater circulation depths in the crystalline bedrock watershed increase with decreasing elevation indicative of topography‐driven groundwater flow. This relationship is not present in the volcanic bedrock watershed suggesting that both the source of fracturing (tectonic versus volcanic) and increased primary porosity in the volcanic bedrock play a role in deep groundwater circulation. The results from the crystalline bedrock watershed also indicate that relatively deep groundwater circulation can occur at local scales in headwater drainages less than 9.0 km2 and at larger fractions than commonly perceived. Deep groundwater is a primary control on streamflow processes and solute concentrations in both watersheds.

show abstract

Geochemical evolution of the Critical Zone across variable time scales informs concentration‐discharge relationships: Jemez River Basin Critical Zone Observatory

McIntosh

Schaumberg

Perdrial

et al. 2017

Water Resources Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study investigates the influence of water, carbon, and energy fluxes on solute production and transport through the Jemez Critical Zone (CZ) and impacts on C‐Q relationships over variable spatial and temporal scales. Chemical depletion‐enrichment profiles of soils, combined with regolith thickness and groundwater data indicate the importance to stream hydrochemistry of incongruent dissolution of silicate minerals during deep bedrock weathering, which is primarily limited by water fluxes, in this highly fractured, young volcanic terrain. Under high flow conditions (e.g., spring snowmelt), wetting of soil and regolith surfaces and presence of organic acids promote mineral dissolution and provide a constant supply of base cations, Si, and DIC to soil water and groundwater. Mixing of waters from different hydrochemical reservoirs in the near stream environment during “wet” periods leads to the chemostatic behavior of DIC, base cations, and Si in stream flow. Metals transported by organic matter complexation (i.e., Ge, Al) and/or colloids (i.e., Al) during periods of soil saturation and lateral connectivity to the stream display a positive relationship with Q. Variable Si‐Q relationships, under all but the highest flow conditions, can be explained by nonconservative transport and precipitation of clay minerals, which influences long versus short‐term Si weathering fluxes. By combining measurements of the CZ obtained across different spatial and temporal scales, we were able to constrain weathering processes in different hydrological reservoirs that may be flushed to the stream during hydrologic events, thereby informing C‐Q relationships.

show abstract

Effect of source integration on the geochemical fluxes from springs

Cited by 27 publications

References 63 publications

Are we missing the tail (and the tale) of residence time distributions in watersheds?

Are we missing the tail (and the tale) of residence time distributions in watersheds?

Field estimates of groundwater circulation depths in two mountainous watersheds in the western U.S. and the effect of deep circulation on solute concentrations in streamflow

Geochemical evolution of the Critical Zone across variable time scales informs concentration‐discharge relationships: Jemez River Basin Critical Zone Observatory

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About