“…Under such a harsh operational environment in the fusion reactor, intrinsic brittleness of W materials [9,10] may be easier to exhibit a series of brittle behaviors due to fusion particle bombardment [11][12][13], recrystallization at high temperature [14,15] or thermal shock loading [16]. To eliminate or alleviate the brittle behaviors and satisfy the fusion engineering application, an advanced W material is required and developed.…”
Tungsten is a refractory metal with the highest melting point of all metals, which is considered as a promising candidate material for plasma-facing materials in the future fusion reactor. However, tungsten faces several challenges from intrinsic embrittlement, irradiation embrittlement and recrystallization embrittlement during the operation of the fusion reactor. To satisfy the fusion engineering application, an advanced tungsten material with the fine grain and dense microstructure is required and developed. This paper briefly introduces the application background of the tungsten materials and mainly illustrates a series of common techniques for manufacturing advance tungsten materials, such as powder preparation technologies, bulk densification techniques, continuous processing technologies and the coating and additive manufacturing technologies. Furthermore, the development prospects for manufacturing techniques of tungsten materials are also presented in the end. Considering the tungsten materials employed in the fusion engineering application, combining these scalable techniques of the wet-chemical method, pressureless sintering and continuous deformation processing techniques would be the possible research and development routes to realize the manufacture of the advanced tungsten materials.
“…Under such a harsh operational environment in the fusion reactor, intrinsic brittleness of W materials [9,10] may be easier to exhibit a series of brittle behaviors due to fusion particle bombardment [11][12][13], recrystallization at high temperature [14,15] or thermal shock loading [16]. To eliminate or alleviate the brittle behaviors and satisfy the fusion engineering application, an advanced W material is required and developed.…”
Tungsten is a refractory metal with the highest melting point of all metals, which is considered as a promising candidate material for plasma-facing materials in the future fusion reactor. However, tungsten faces several challenges from intrinsic embrittlement, irradiation embrittlement and recrystallization embrittlement during the operation of the fusion reactor. To satisfy the fusion engineering application, an advanced tungsten material with the fine grain and dense microstructure is required and developed. This paper briefly introduces the application background of the tungsten materials and mainly illustrates a series of common techniques for manufacturing advance tungsten materials, such as powder preparation technologies, bulk densification techniques, continuous processing technologies and the coating and additive manufacturing technologies. Furthermore, the development prospects for manufacturing techniques of tungsten materials are also presented in the end. Considering the tungsten materials employed in the fusion engineering application, combining these scalable techniques of the wet-chemical method, pressureless sintering and continuous deformation processing techniques would be the possible research and development routes to realize the manufacture of the advanced tungsten materials.
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